Polymer cross-linking triallyl cyanurate

Radiation-induced grafting methods, as explained before, are used to prepare the proton-conducting membrane grafting styrene and a cross-linking agent (divinylbenzene or triallyl cyanurate) on an FEP polymer film and then sulfonat-ing the membrane 211 grafting styrene on poly(vinylidene fluoride) in the presence... 

Another use is of minor proportions of polyfunctional aUyl esters, eg, diallyl maleate, triallyl cyanurate, and triaUji isocyanurate, for cross-linking or curing preformed vinyl-type polymers such as polyethylene and vinyl chloride copolymers. These reactions are examples of graft copolymerization in which specific added peroxides or high energy radiation achieve optimum cross-linking (see Copolymers). 

The occurrence of these reactions is restricted to the amorphous phase. Therefore, the photo-cross-linking process has to be performed at temperatures exceeding the crystalline melting point in the case of highly crystalline polymers such as polyethylene. The cross-linking efficiency can be strongly enhanced by the addition of small amounts of multifunctional compounds such as triallyl cyanurate, TAG (see Chart 7.9), or by the incorporation of special diene moieties into copolymers such as ethylene propylene diene copolymers (EPDM elastomers) [33]. 

For this reason, only di- and triallyl monomers have achieved commercial significance, and then only the esters. Since the cross-linked polymer occurring in this polymerization involves the side chains containing ester groups, they are also sometimes referred to industrially as polyesters. The di- and triallyl ester monomers are produced by the reaction of allyl alcohol with acids, acid anhydrides, or acid chlorides. Examples of monomers are diallyl phthalate (1) from phthallic anhydride, and triallyl cyanurate (II) from trichloro-5-triazine ... 

MBM), triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), and triallyl cyanurate (TAC). These coagents provide a more stable free radical source by reacting with the free radicals formed from peroxide decomposition. These more stable free radicals formed by the combination of the decomposed organic peroxide and the coagent are then more likely to react with the HNBR polymer to form effective cross-links. An excellent study of the interaction of peroxides and coagents was conducted by Zeon Chemicals and shows the utility of statistical experimental design and response surface methods to provide a comprehensive picture of this interaction [8]. The compounds used in this... 

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