Effect of cross-linking

Fig. 3. Effect of cross-link density where A represents tear strength, fatigue life, and toughness B, elastic recovery and stiffness C, strength and D,...

Figure 16.14. Effect of cross-linking agent on impact strength of 75/25 styrene-acrylonitrile/ nitrile...

Table 18.9 The effect of cross-linking on the properties of inethoxymethyl nylon film...

Horkay, F Hecht, AM Zrinyi, M Geissler, E, Effect of Cross-Links on the Structure of Polymer Gels, Polymer Gels and Networks 4, 451, 1996. 

The first project [9] dealt with the evaluation of the effect of cross-linking degree (c.l.d.) in a series of five gel-type resins, on the diameter of Pd° nanoclusters obtained upon reducing resin-bound Pd centres. In this project c.l.d. was let to range from 1 to 9% mol (Figure 3). 

F Horkay, AM Hecht, E Geissler. Effect of cross-links on the swelling equation of state Polyacrylamide hydrogels. Macromolecules 22 2007-2009, 1989. 

Junction Functionality. Some results bearing on the possible effect of cross-link functionality on the upturn in modulus are shown in Figure 5(20). The magnitude of the increase in [f ] does not show any obvious correlation with , which again suggests the predominant importance of the intramolecular characteristics of the short chains. At least from the evidence at hand (20), the functionality of the junction points seems relatively unimportant in this regard. 

JJI. Relations of Moduli to Molecular Stfyeture A. Effects of molecular weight B Effect of cross-linking... 

Mentzer Jr., W.C., and Lubin, B.H. (1979) The effect of cross-linking agents on red-cell shape. Semin. Hematol. 16, 115-127. 

For the cytochrome c-plastocyanin complex, the kinetic effects of cross-linking are much more drastic while the rate of the intracomplex transfer is equal to 1000 s in the noncovalent complex where the iron-to-copper distance is expected to be about 18 A, it is estimated to be lower than 0.2 s in the corresponding covalent complex [155]. This result is all the more remarkable in that the spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties of the two redox centers appear weakly affected by the cross-linking process, and suggests that an essential segment of the electron transfer path has been lost in the covalent complex. Another system in which such conformational effects could be studied is the physiological complex between tetraheme cytochrome and ferredoxin I from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Norway the spectral and redox properties of the hemes and of the iron-sulfur cluster are found essentially identical in the covalent and noncovalent complexes and an intracomplex transfer, whose rate has not yet been measured, takes place in the covalent species [156]. 

Permeabilities of Model Coatings Effect of Cross-link Density and Polarity... 

The effect of cross-linking in the unstrained state is shown in Figure 4 for a high-vinyl polybutadiene with a molecular weight of... 

Figure 6. The effect of cross-link density on the yield stress of an epoxy resin. Circles are experimental data3.

The unsaturated side chain of the SoyOx repeating units could be used for cross-linking well-defined P(EtOx)-.yfaf-(SoyOx) copolymers. Thus, the effect of cross-linking on the thermal properties of the polymers was investigated. The thermal properties of the synthesized P(EtOx)-.yfaf-(SoyOx) copolymers before and after UV-curing are illustrated in Fig. 18. 

Chatakanonda, P, Varavinit, S., Chinachoti, P. (2000). Effect of cross-linking on thermal and microscopic transitions of rice starch. Lebben.-Wissen. TechnoL, 33, 276-284. 

Kaur, L., Singh, J., Singh, N. (2006). Effect of cross-linking on some properties of potato starches. J. Sci. Food Agric., 86,1945-1954. 

Wattanchant, S., Muhammad, K., Hashim, D., Rahman, R. A. (2003). Effect of cross-linking reagents and hydroxypropylation levels on dual-modified sago starch properties. Food Chem., 80, 463 71. 

Effect of cross-link density on selected properties of an elastomeric material. 

FIGURE 5.5 Effect of cross-linked density on selected properties of an elastomeric material. (Quirk, R.P. and Morton, M. in Science and Technology of Rubber, Ch. 2. Mark, J.E., Burak, E. and Eirich F.R., Eds, 2nd ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 1994). 

Kim et al. used the exchange reaction to synthesize cross-linked AuNP-PNIPAM core-shell hybrid structures, as well as a brush-type AuNP/PNIPAM hybrid through surface-initiated ATRP in an aqueous medium. The disulfide initiators, [BrC (CH3)2COO(CH2)iiS]2, were bound to AuNPs synthesized by citrate reduction. They have studied the effect of cross-linking on the thermo-responsiveness of the AuN / PNIPAM hybrids for potential use as a stimuli responsive optical device, such as surface plasmon resonance-based sensing materials [91]. 

In Eq. (38) the hydrodynamic velocity is that used to evaluate the momentum of the phase. In viscous flow it is the term used in establishing the shear from a knowledge of the viscosity when effects of cross linking of fluxes (01, 02) are neglected. The hydrodynamic velocity and the diffusional velocity are related by... 

Lee, C. R., Grodzinsky, A. J., and Pector, M. (2001). The effects of cross-linking of collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds on compressive stiffness, chondrocyte-mediated contraction, proliferation and biosynthesis. Biomaterials 22,3145-3154. 

White, M. J., Kohno, I., Rubin, A. I., Stenzel, . H., and Miyata, T. (1973). Collagen films Effect of cross-linking on physical and biological properties. Biomater. Med. Devices Artif. Organs 1, 703-715. 

FIGURE 3.12 Effects of cross-linking density on compression. 

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