Polymer common names

Therapeutic Function Estrogen Chemical Name Estradiol phosphate polymer Common Name Polymeric ester of phosphoric acid and estradiol Structural Formula r... 

In the polymer literature each of the five quantities listed above is encountered frequently. Complicating things still further is the fact that a variety of concentration units are used in actual practice. In addition, lUPAC terminology is different from the common names listed above. By way of summary, Table 9.1 lists the common and lUPAC names for these quantities and their definitions. Note that when

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The nomenclature of cellular polymers is not standardized classifications have been made according to the properties of the base polymer (22), the methods of manufacture, the cellular stmcture, or some combination of these. The most comprehensive classification of cellular plastics, proposed in 1958 (23), has not been adopted and is not consistent with some of the common names for the more important commercial products. 

Many different types of foaming agents are used, but nonionic surfactants are the most common, eg, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acid alkanolamides, fatty amine oxides, nonylphenol ethoxylates, and octylphenol ethoxylates, to name a few (see Alkylphenols). Anionic surfactants can be used, but with caution, due to potential complexing with cationic polymers commonly used in mousses. 

This article discusses the benzenepolycarboxyhc acids, their anhydrides, and their esters. Table 1 includes lUPAC nomenclature, common names, and CAS Registry Numbers for the benzenepolycarboxyhc acids. These acids and anhydrides are highly stable. The carboxyUc acid groups provide from two to six sites for reaction for a wide variety of products, mostly polymers and plasticizers. 

R Common name Polymer repeating unit Encyclopedia reference... 

The diphenylsulfone group is suppHed to the repeat unit of aU polysulfones by DCDPS the differentiating species between various polysulfones comes from the choice of bisphenol. There are three commercially important polysulfones referred to genericaHy by the common names polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyphenylsulfone (PPSF). The repeat units of these polymers are shown in Table 1. 

Chemical Name N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine polymer with (chloromethyl)oxirane Common Name —... 

Monomer Formula Trade or common name of polymer Uses... 

Monomer name Formula Polymer formula Common name... 

The suffix -ene is replaced by -ylene in the common names of these compounds, hence the names of the corresponding polymers. 

The common name of this polymer is polyvinyl chloride or PVC. 

The name of a polymer is usually written with the prefix poly-(meaning many ) before the name of the monomer. Often the common name of the monomer is used, rather than the lUPAC name. For example, the common name of ethene is ethylene. Polyethene, the polymer that is made from ethene, is often called polyethylene. Similarly, the polymer that is made from chloroethene (common name vinyl chloride) is named polyvinylchloride (PVC). The polymer that is made from propene monomers (common name propylene) is commonly called polypropylene, instead of polypropene. 

Little rhyme or reason is associated with many of the common names of polymers. Some names are derived from the place of origin of the material, such as Hevea brasilliensis literally rubber from Brazil —for natural rubber. Other polymers are named after their discoverer, as is Bakelite, the three-dimensional polymer produced by condensation of phenol and formaldehyde, which was commercialized by Leo Baekeland in 1905. 

TABLE 1.4 Common Polymers Material/Name Typical Polymer Chapter... 

Maleic anhydride CAS. 108-3I-6. til, maleic acid [CAS 110-16-7]. (2), and I umarie acid [CAS 110-17-81. i3) are multifunctional chemical intermediates that lind applications in nearly every Held id industrial chemistry. Each molecule contains two acid carbonyl groups and a double bond in the u. position. Maleic anhydride and maleic acid are important raw materials used in the manufacture of phthalic-type alkyd and polyester resins, surface coatings, lubricant additives, plasticizers. copolymers, and agricultural chemicals [see Alkyd Resins Polymers, and Lubricant). Both chemicals derive their common names from naturally occurring malic acid. 

Table 2-2 lists the common names and structures of a few chain-growth polymers. For each of these the common name of the homopolymer and its repeat unit are also shown. Two examples of copolymers are also provided. The subscripts m and n indicate only the total number of repeat units of each monomer not the arrangement in the copolymer. In other words, these are presumed to be random, not block, copolymers. All of the monomers in Table 2, a and b, polymerize by addition to a carbon-carbon double bond by a chain-growth mechanism. 

As the next example, attention is directed to a polymer in which the end groups are not significant, namely the polymer which is commonly named as polyethylene terephthalate, abbreviated PET (Figure 5). IUPAC... 

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