Polymer chemistry, nomenclature

L. H. Sperling, Source-Based Nomenclature for Polymer Blends, Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials, Division of Polymer Chemistry Nomenclature Conunittee Document, (1984). 

The Commission acknowledges the first structure-based nomenclature rules for organic ladder and spiro polymers proposed by the Nomenclature Committee of the Division of Polymer Chemistry of the American Chemical Society [9]. 

Combinations of various organic polymers and inorganic coagulants are also now widely used. The wide diversity of polymer chemistry and inconsistent manufacturers nomenclature can make it difficult to properly categorize or compare competitive products. 

Polymer chemistry developed a nomenclature (language) different from the classical organic chemistry. The group "-NHCO-" in polymer chemistry is known as nylon, whereas in biochemistry it is known as a peptide, and in pure organic chemistry as an amide group. The urethane group "-NHCOO-" is called a carbamate in organic chemistry. 

Unlike the disjoint sets of approaches to taxonomy and nomenclature for "organic chemistry" vs. "inorganic chemistry" vs. "polymer chemistry", etc., which form the cornerstone of all of the various nomenclature systems in common usage today, a common graph theory based, bi-parametric, alternating code of atoms and bonds that is equally applicable to each of these individual domains is proposed. In this system the detailed formula will be all of the name that is needed. Advantages to such an approach include ... 

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Nomenclature of Regular Single-Strand Organic Polymers (Recommendations 1975, PureAppl. Chem., 48, 373-385 (1976). 

Subsequently we show some important properties of the moment generating function. This include the number and weight average of the degree of polymerization and other averages, as well as the distribution function. There is a potential confusing situation in nomenclature. In polymer chemistry, the term cumulative distribution is used for what is called in mathematics the cumulative distribution function or simply distribution function. Further, polymer chemistry uses the term differential distribution for the mathematical term probability density function. 

In ordinary organic chemistry, thioether is a synonym for sulfide. A thioether or sulfide is a compound that contains the R—S—R link. This is in contrast to the nomenclature of polymer chemistry. A polysulfide is a polymer that contains the —S—S— group in the backbone. However, a poly (sulfide), with sulfide in brackets, such as poly(phenylene sulfide) or... 

Nomenclature Committee, Division of Polymer Chemistry, American Chemical Society. Macromolecules 1, 193—198 (1968). 

CAS states (2) that specific polymers are named on the basis of the monomers from which they are formed and/or on the basis of their structure, as represented by an SRU. Since original documents do not always provide sufficient structural information to allow generation of the SRU name, the method most frequently used for describing polymeric substances is by citation of the component monomers. A few commercial polymers, each of which accounts for a large number of index entries, are indexed only at the SRU-based systematic polymer name. Systematic (SRU) nomenclature for polymers has been adopted from the system developed by the Committee on Nomenclature of the Division of Polymer Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (ACS) (14). Note the lUPAC recommendations (PureAppl. Chem. 48,373-385 (1976)) are in full agreement with CAS practice. Names derived by this system, in addition to monomer-based entries, are cited for polymers whose structural repeating imits are well-documented or can confidently be assumed. 

Over a period of about 50 years, representation of polymer structures, both on paper and in databases, has developed from a virtually random system to a highly organized and sophisticated one. Polyoners are represented sometimes by structure-based methods, sometimes by source-based methods, and sometimes by both. Both methods survive because each offers advantages and disadvantages. Both methods involve structural representation of polymers by a precisely defined set of rules developed over several decades by CAS, lUPAC, and the Committee on Nomenclature of the Division of Polymer Chemistry of the ACS. Areas still in need of improved representation are copolymers of imterminated SRU types aftertreated (post-treated) polymers, and dendritic (52), hyperbranched, hyper-cross-linked, star, and star-block polymers. Also needed are hierarchical relationships between intellectually related polymers (53). 

Nylon is a polyamide. In industry it is produced by reaction of two difunctional monomers (or comonomers) a dicarboxyUc add and a diamine. The polymer that you are going to study is of great historical significance in polymer chemistry, because it was the first of the pol) amides to be recognized as possessing excellent physical properties for forming very strong fibers. Nylon-6,6 was, in fact, the first commerdally produced synthetic polyamide.The"6,6" nomenclature refers to the number of carbon atoms in each of the two comonomers. Industrially, nylon-6,6 is prepared from 1,6-hexanediamine (hexamethylenediamine) and hexanedioic acid (adipic add) ... 

For polymer chemistry the so-called Purple Book is an important source of information when it comes to nomenclature and terminology in Polymer Science. It is more specific in terminology than the Gold Book, and some definitions may deviate from those given in the Gold Book for well-justified reasons. These are explained in notes to the definition. The (most probably) last hardcopy edition of the Purple Book collects all recommendations until the year 2008. Future editions of the Purple Book are to be expected in electronic form, online accessible, and... 

Most aspects of the behaviour of materials derive from their ehemical nature. However the aim here is to improve understanding without recourse to the detailed nomenclature and formulae of polymer chemistry. Nevertheless, this does not relieve the reader of the need to think molecules. Polymers on the micro scale are not wholly homogeneous materials, and to understand their behaviour it is necessary to visualize their long chain molecules. 

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Nomenclature of Regular Double-Strand (Ladder and Spiro) Organic Polymers (Recommendations 1993), PureAppL Chem., 65,1561-1580 (1993). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Structure-Based Nomenclature for Irregular Single-Strand Organic Polymers (Recommendations 1994), PureAppL Chem., 66,873-889 (1994). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Source-Based Nomenclature for Non-Linear Macromolecules and Macromolecular Assemblies (Recommendations 1997). PureAppL Chem., 69, 2511— 2521 (1997). 

American Chemical Society Division of Polymer Chemistry, Committee on Nomenclature. A Structure-Based Nomenclature for Linear Polymers . Macromolecules 1968, 1, 193-198. 

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