Polymer additives antifogging agents

David et al. [184] have shown that cool on-column injection and the use of deactivated thermally stable columns in CGC-FID and CGC-F1D-MS for quantitative determination of additives (antistatics, antifogging agents, UV and light stabilisers, antioxidants, etc.) in mixtures prevents thermal degradation of high-MW compounds. Perkins et al. [101] have reported development of an analysis method for 100 ppm polymer additives in a 500 p,L SEC fraction in DCM by means of at-column GC (total elution time 27 min repeatability 3-7 %). Requirements for the method were (i) on-line (ii) use of whole fraction (LVI) and (iii) determination of high-MW compounds (1200 Da) at low concentrations. Difficult matrix introduction (DMI) and selective extraction can be used for GC analysis of silicone oil contamination in paints and other complex analytical problems. 

Saturated hydrocarbons (waxes), fatty acids, metal soaps, fatty acid amides and esters (primarily Cig-Cis) act as internal lubricants, fluoro elastomers as external lubricants. Many other polymer additives, e.g. antistatic agents, antifogs, antioxidants, UV stabilisers, etc., act as lubricants in the barrel of the extruder once they are in the liquid form. 

ICI Surfactants - Polymer Additives Group, Antifog Agents for Agricultural and Food Packaging Films. Brochure 90-5E (1998). 

A reason for the use of multilayer films is to minimize the use of additives. Surface-active additives like slip, antiblock or antifog agents are used only in the outer layers of a multilayer film. The migration of the organic additives and their solubility in the polymers has to be considered. 

Atmer . [ICI Polymer Additives ICI Surf. Belgium] Antifog agent anti-stat lubricant cling agent for plastics, films nucleating agent plasticizer. 

Common antifogging agents are fatty acid esters such as glycerol and sorbitol stearate, fatty alcohols, and ethyloxylates of nonyl phenols. Antifogging agents are incorporated in the resin in levels ranging from 0.5 to 4%. Factors involved in the selection and use of these additives include polymer type, thickness of the structure... 

By combining opportunely migration of antifogging agents to the surface of the polymer substrate with the reaction of a photo-sensible moiety contained in the antifogging additive itself, it is possible to have the reaction induced by light when most or at least part of the... 

Applications additive in various polymers, agriculture (seed coating, crop protection, fertilizer binder), batteries, coatings (antifogging, dispersant), cosmetics, emulsifier, glue sticks, hot-melt adhesives, medical devices, membranes, paper, photoresists, pressure-sensitive adhesives, printed circuit boards, sizing agent, tablet binder and excipient ... 

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