Genes polyketide synthase

The biosynthesis of maduropeptin has not been studied in detail, but an iterative type I polyketide synthase gene predicted to be responsible for forming the enediyne core structure has been identified [188]. 

Hutchinson, C.R. and Fujii, I. (1995) Polyketide synthase gene manipulation a structure-function approach in engineering novel antibiotics. Annual Review of Microbiology, 49, 201. 

Menzella, H.G., Reid, R., Carney, J.R. et al. (2005) Combinatorial polyketide biosynthesis by de novo design and rearrangement of modular polyketide synthase genes. Nature Biotechnology, 23, 1171-1176. 

MacNeil, D.J., Occi, J.L., Gewain, K.M. et al. (1992) Complex organization of the Streptomyces avermetilis genes encoding the avermectin polyketide synthase. Gene, 115, 119-125. 

Sudek S, LopanikNB, Waggoner LE, Hildebrand M, Anderson C, Liu HB, Patel A, Sherman DH, Haygood MG (2007) Identification of the putative bryostatin polyketide synthase gene cluster from Candidatus endobugula sertula , the uncultivated microbial symbiont of the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina. J Nat Prod 70 67-74... 

Atoui, A., Mathieu, F., and Lebrihi, A. (2007). Targeting a polyketide synthase gene for Aspergillus carbonarius quantification and ochratoxin A assessment in grapes using realtime PCR. Int.. Food Microbiol. 115, 313-318. 

Bingle, L. E. H., Simpson, T. J., and Lazarus, C. M. (1999). Ketosynthase domain probes identify two subclasses of fungal polyketide synthase genes. Fungal Genet. Biol. 26, 209-223. 

Gaffoor, I., and Trail, F. (2006). Characterization of two polyketide synthase genes involved in zearalenone biosynthesis in Gibberella zeae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72,1793-1799. 

Geisen, R., Mayer, Z., Karolewiez, A., and Farber, P. (2004). Development of a real time PCR system for detection of Penicillium nordicum and for monitoring of ochratoxin A production in foods by targeting the ochratoxin polyketide synthase gene. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 27,501-507. 

Zhu G, LaGier MJ, Stejskal F, Millership JJ, Cai X, Keithly JS (2002) Cryptosporidium parvum the first protist known to encode a putative polyketide synthase. Gene 298 79-89... 

Complex organization of the Streptomyces avermitilis genes encoding the avermec-tin polyketide synthase. Gene 115 119-125, 1992. 

DJ MacNeil, JL Occi, KM Gewain, T MacNeil. Correlation of the avermectin polyketide synthase genes to the avermectin structure. Implications for designing novel avermectins. Ann NY Acad Sci 123-132, 1994. 

A Grimm, K Madduri, A Ali, CR Hutchinson. Characterization of the Streptomyces peucetius ATCC29050 genes encoding doxorubicin polyketide synthase. Gene 151 1-10, 1994. 

C Khosla, S Ebert-Khosla, DA Hopwood. Targeted gene replacements in a Streptomyces polyketide synthase gene cluster role for the acyl carrier protein. Mol Microbiol 6 3237-3249, 1992. 

S Kuhstoss, M Huber, JR Turner, JW Paschal, RN Rao. Production of a novel polyketide through the construction of a hybrid polyketide synthase. Gene 183 231 — 236, 1996. 

SJ Kakavas, L Katz, D Stassi. Identification and characterization of the niddamycin polyketide synthase genes from Streptomyces caelestis (NRRL-2821). J Bacteriol 179 7515-7522, 1997. 

The modular organization of this and other polyketide-synthases and the composition in defined domains of enzymatic activity allows the inactivation, the deletion (loss of function), the enlargement (gain of function) and the exchange of separate enzymatic units through genetic manipulation of polyketide-synthase genes. 

Well-known examples are novel glycosylated elloramycins (11), staurosporines (12), mithramycins (13), and steffimycins (14) generated by the group of/. Salas, in Oviedo, Spain (73, 99). One additional example concerns the formation of a macrolide in a mutant strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea. This mutant strain lacks the erythromycin polyketide synthase gene as well as both GT genes required for the transfer of L-mycarose (eryBV) and D-desosamine (eryCII) moieties during the erythromycin biosynthesis, but still it provides the TDP-activated forms of the... 

Kodumal SJ, Patel KG, Reid R, Menzella HG, Welch M, Santi DV (2004) Total Synthesis of Long DNA Sequences Synthesis of a Contiguous 32-kb Polyketide Synthase Gene Cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 15573... 

Menzella HG, Reid R, Carney JR, Chandran SS, Reisinger SJ, Patel KG, Hopwood DA, Santi DV (2005) Combinatorial Polyketide Biosynthesis by de novo Design and Rearrangement of Modular Polyketide Synthase Genes. Nat Biotechnol 23 1171... 

Chang P-K, Cary JW, Yu J, Bhatnagar D, Cleveland TE The Aspergillus parasiticus polyketide synthase gene pksA, a homolog of Aspergillus nidulans wA, is required for aflatoxin Bj biosynthesis. Mol Gen Genetics 1995 248 270-277. 

It may be argued that this unusual biosynthetic sequence is due to the unique composition and organization of the dps (dauno- or doxorubicin polyketide synthase) genes of Streptomyces peucetius [88]. But, also in more typical biosyntheses of polyketide oligodeoxysaccharides, for example, the macrolides erythromycin A (14) [24, 58, 89] in Saccharopolyspora erythraea and tylosin in Streptomyces fradiae [90], or urdamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces fradiae TU2717 [77,91,... 

Kroken S, Glass SNL, Taylor JW, Yoder OC, Turgeon BG. Phylogenomic analysis of type 1 polyketide synthase genes in pathogenic and saprobic ascomycetes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003 100 15670-15675... 

Cox RJ, Glod F, Hurley D, Lazarus CM, Nicholson TP, Rudd BAM, Simpson TJ, Wilkinson B, Zhang Y. Rapid cloning and expression of a fungal polyketide synthase gene involved in squalestatin biosynthesis. Chem. Commun. 2004 2260-2261. 

Hendrickson, L., Davis, C. R., Roach, C. D., Nguyen, K., Aldrich McAda, T. P. C., and Reeves, C. D. 1999. Lovastatin biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus Characterization of blocked mutants, enzyme activities and a multifunctional polyketide synthase gene. Chem. Biol. 6, 429-439. 

Shimizu, T., Kinoshita, H., Ishihara, S., Sakai, K., Nagai, S., and Nihira, T. 2005. Polyketide synthase gene responsible for citrinin biosynthesis in Monascus purpureus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71(7), 3453-3457. 

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