Polyfvinyl chloride additives

Whilst such stabilisers have found use in many chlorine-containing polymers their main application has been with polyfvinyl chloride). These additives will be considered in Chapter 12. 

In addition, the surface should be free of contaminating particles and occlusions that would interfere with the information retrieval process. A typical ablative-mode optical disk has the structure shown in Figme 16.14. The substrate is an optically transparent material such as polycarbonate, PMMA, polyfethylene terephthalate), or polyfvinyl chloride) topped by a subbing layer to provide an optically smooth surface for the recording layer. A metal reflector (typically aluminum) is then incorporated next to a transparent dielectric medium such as poly(a-methyl styrene) and, finally, the absorbing layer where the information pits are created is added. The latter can be a metal-polymer composite (silver particles in a gel) or a dye molecule dispersed in a polymer matrix such as squaryllium dyes, which act as infrared absorbers for GaAs lasers, typically... 

TG-DTA-MS has obvious synthetic polymer applications. TA-MS has been appHed to study the thermal behavior of homopolymers, copolymers, polymeric blends, composites, residual monomers, solvents, additives, and toxic degradation products. In the latter context, FICl evolution from heated polyfvinyl chloride) materials is readily quantified by TA-MS and such data are of major significance in the design of fire-resistant polymeric materials. Pyrotechnic materials have been studied by TA-MS. A complex sequence of thermal events relates to the decomposition of these materials involving interactions between the nitrocellulose, perchlorate, and metal components with periodic release of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Only by EGA is it possible to rationalize the thermal behavior of such materials. TA-FTIR has also been applied extensively to study the thermal characteristics of synthetic polymers... 

Bromine and chlorine add rapidly to alkenes to yield 1,2-dihalides, a process called halogenation. For example, more than 18 million tons 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride) is synthesized worldwide each year, much of it by addition of GI2 to ethylene. The product is used both as a solvent and as starting material for the manufacture of polyfvinyl chloride), PVG. Fluorine is too reactive and difficult to control for most laboratory applications, and iodine does not react with most alkenes. 

Ghasemi I, Farsheh AT, Masoomi Z. Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotube functionalization on the morphological and mechanical properties of nanocomposite foams based on polyfvinyl chloride)/(wood flour)/(multi-walled carbon nanotubes). J Vinyl Addit Technol 2012 18 161-7. 

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