Polyethylene glycol scaffolds

Ji, C.D., Annabi, N., Hosseinkhani, M., Sivaloganathan, S., Dehghani, R, 2012. Fabrication of poly-(DL)-lactide/polyethylene glycol scaffolds using the gas foaming technique. Acta Biomaterialia 8, 570-578. 

Bradley described the first solid-phase synthesis of PAMAM dendrimers in 1997 [220]. To this end, phthaloyl-protected norspermidine was coupled to aminomethyl functionalised polystyrene-polyethylene-glycol resin ((PS-PEG)-NH2) through an acid-labile linker (see Fig. 23). PAMAM dendrons were assembled by treating deprotected scaffold-bound resin 24 first with an excess of methyl acrylate... 

Newkome et al. were the first to synthesise symmetrical, quater-directionaF cascade molecules with a carbon scaffold bearing 36 terminal carboxyl groups -all at an equal distance from the neopentyl core (Fig. 6.20a). The carboxyls were converted into the corresponding ammonium and tetramethylammonium car-boxylates. Synthesis of these dendritic unimolecular micelles with hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell was accomplished up to the fourth generation by coupling of a dendritic hypercore (constructed from 4,4-bis(4 -hydroxyphenyl)-pentanol monomer) and PEG mesylate (PEG = polyethylene glycol). Dyes such... 

Leach JB, Schmidt CE. Characterization of protein release from photocros-slinkable hyaluronic acid-polyethylene glycol hydrogel tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials 2004 26 125-135. 

Selection of a tissue engineering substrate includes a choice between absorbable and nonabsorbable material, as well as a choice between synthetic and naturally derived materials. The most common synthetic polymers used for fibrous meshes and porous scaffolds include polyesters such as polylactide and polyglycolide and their copolymers, polycaprolactone, and polyethylene glycol. Synthetic polymers have advantages over natural polymers in select instances, such as the following i... 

Almany, L., Seliktar, D. Biosynthetic hydrogel scaffolds made from fibrinogen and polyethylene glycol for 3D cell cultures. Biomaterials 26, 2467-2477 (2005)... 

Figure 3.3 (a) Porous P-TCP scaffold fabricated by spark-plasma sintering of nanocrystaUine powder and using 350-650 pm polyethylene glycol particles as porogens (adapted with permission from Ref. [38]) (b) a porous HA scaffold prepared by gas-foaming technique ... 

Choi HS, Suh H, Lee JH, Park SN, Shin SH, Kim YH, et al. A polyethylene glycol grafted bi-layered polyurethane scaffold preliminary study of a new candidate prosthesis for repair of a partial tracheal defect. EurArch Otorhinolaryngol 2008 265 809-16. 

Therefore, biomimetic derivatives of polyethylene glycol (PEG) are being studied as scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. PEG-based materials are hydrophilic, biocompatible, and intrinsically resistant to protein adsorption and cell adhesion (Gombotz et al., 1991 Merrill and Salzman, 1983). Thus, PEG essentially provides a blank slate, devoid of biological interactions, upon which the desired biofunctionality can be built. Because aqueous solutions of aciylated PEG can be rapidly photopolymerized in direct contact with cells and tissues (Hill-West et al., 1994 Sawhney et al., 1994), this is an easy method of cell seeding. Furthermore, PEG-based materials can be rendered bioactive by... 

---