Polyesters, furan containing

Furan, Furfural, Hydroxymethylfurfural, Furan polymers. Chain polymerizations. Step-growth polymerizations, Furan polyesters, Furan polyamides, Furan polyurethanes, Furan-containing conjugated oligomers, Diels-Alder reaction, Dendrimers, Reversible crosslinking... 

To obtain segment block dendiimers, Kose et al. (2008) utilized Frechet type dendrons appended with electron rich furan at the focal point and a complementary set of polyester dendrons containing the electron de cient maleimide group at the focal point Combination of these two complimentary dendrons was accomphshed by heating in benzene to obtain thermoresponsive segment block dendrimers in good yields (Hg. 12.27). The dendiimers fell apart upon heating them to 110°C. 

As initial synthetic targets, polyester and polyamide (Fig. 16) were chosen, as representatives of a series of tetrahydro-furan-containing polymers, because of their structural simplicity... 

Bis(hydroxymethyl) furan and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (available from C6 sugars) have been oxidized to furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (44)- Linear polyesters, polyurethanes, and polyamides containing these monomers have been described in the literature (45-43) and have been made via condensation polymerization techniques including bulk, solution, and interfacial mixing procedures. Gandini (5,34) reviewed the poly condensation reactions up to 1986 and... 

Polyester fibers are composed of linear chains of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which produces benzene, benzoic acid, biphenyl, and vinyl terephthalate on pyrolysis. Acrylic fibers comprise chains made up of acrylonitrile units, usually copolymerized with less than 15% by weight of other monomers, e.g., methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, or vinylpyrrolidone. Thermolysis results in the formation of acrylonitrile monomer, dimers, and trimers with a small amount of the copolymer or its pyrolysis product. In this case, the acrylic is Orion 28, which contains methyl vinyl pyridine as comonomer. Residual dimethyl formamide solvent from the manufacturing process is also found in the pyrolysis products. Cotton, which is almost pure cellulose, comprises chains of glucose units. The pyrolysis products of cellulose, identified by GC/MS, include carbonyl compounds, acids, methyl esters, furans, pyrans, anhydrosugars, and hydrocarbons. The major pyrolysis products are levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-B-D-glucopyranose) and substituted furans. 

Another class of interesting isohexide polyesters contains furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDA or FDCA, Figure 9.5) as the aromatic diacid component. Since FDCA can be obtained from carbohydrates via various routes, this opens up possibilities for fully bio-based semiaromatic polyesters. 

Moore, J.A. and Bunting, W.W. (1985) Polyesters and polyamides containing isomeric furan dicarboxylic acids. Polymer Scienceand Technology, Advanced Polymer Synthesis, 31, 51-91. 

Okada M., Tachikawa K., Aoi K., Biodegradable polymers based on renewable resources. 11. Synthesis and biodegradability of polyesters containing furan rings, J. Poly. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem., 35, 1997, 2729-2737. 

In 1975, Kellyprepared and characterized a number of polyesters based on 2,5-disubstituted furans in various states of reduction. In this study, 2,5-disubstituted-furan, -dihydrofuran, and -tetrahydrofuran monomers were polymerized using solution, melt-transesterification, ring-opening, and interfacial techniques. These monomers included diacids, diols, diacid chlorides, diesters, dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, as well as monomers based on 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic and tetrahydrofuroic acids and esters, and bycyclic lactones containing the tetrahydrofuran ring. A thorough review of previous work done in the area of poljnner synthesis, based on 2,5-disubstituted furan derivatives is reported. It is reported that when... 

Considering these differences, it is the purpose of this work to synthesize representative polyesters and polyamides which incorporate derivatives of the four isomeric furan dicarboxylic acids, and to determine if these polymers bear any relationship in properties to similar polymers derived from benzene. Similarity in basic position and distance between carboxyl groups may permit examination and ordering of poljnners containing the isomeric benzene diacids. Some comparisons are shown below. 

CHEMPRUF linings are a series of heavy-duty monolithic systems based on epoxy, furan, polyester, and vinyl ester resins, The CHEMPRUF 1000 Series systems contain flake glass as filler and reinforcement. The CHEMPRUF 2000 Series systems contain fabric reinforcement which provides a lining with outstanding structural integrity and chemical resistance in broad thermal ranges. 

Hachihama, Y, Shono, T., Hyono, K., 1958. Synthesis of polyesters containing a furan ring. Technology Reports of the Osaka University 8,475-480. 

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