Polyester Substrates

A further step has been taken by a group at Bell Labs, who built an all printed device on an ITO-coaled polyester substrate [631 all the subsequent layers,... 

Lindroos, S. Kanniainen, T. Leskela, M. 1997. Growth of zinc sulfide thin films by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction—(SILAR)—method on polyester substrates. Mater. Res. Bull. 32 1631-1636. 

FIGURE 10.1 (a) Lower magnification TEM images of ITO thin film on polyester substrate in cross-sectional view, (b) atomic-resolution image of ITO film near the surface showing the crystalline feature. 

P.F. Carcia, R.S. Mclean, M.H. Reilly, Z.G. Li, L.J. Pillione, and R.F. Messier, Low-stress indium-tin-oxide thin films rf magnetron sputtered on polyester substrates, Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 1800-1802, 2002. 

In the other study [155], ammonia-complexed Hg(N03)2 was mixed with the selenosulphate solution. As for the corresponding HgS deposition, a white precipitate formed on addition of ammonia to the HgCNOs) [Eq. (4.9)]. This precipitate dissolved partly in the excess ammonia used, due to formation of various am-mine complexes, and completely when the selenosulphate solution was added, due to additional formation of selenosulphate (and maybe sulphite from the excess sulphite in the selenosulphite solution) complexes. It is likely that mixed ammine-selenosulphate/sulphite complexes were formed. The deposition was carried out on polyester substrates (the transparencies used in overhead projectors) at 10°C. Deposition occurred over several hours to a terminal thickness of ca. 250 nm. Bulk precipitation occurred in parallel with the deposition, suggesting that the cluster mechanism was dominant. 

In Ref. 60, the differences in the two solutions giving CusSe2 and CuSe were the lower pH (9) and higher Cu and citrate concentrations (6 mM) for CusSe2, compared to pH = 12 and Cu (and citrate) concentrations of 4 mM (constant selenosulphate concentration of 30 mM in both cases). The films were deposited on flexible polyester substrates. It was noted that the deposition was paralleled for the most part by bulk precipitation. The average crystal size of both Cu3Sc2 and CuSe was 42 nm. 

Heat-activatable pressure-sensitive adhesives consisting of crosslinked Ci-Cis polymethacrylates were prepared by Husemann et al. (1) and used on polyester substrates. 

The different biosensors were obtained using thick-film SPEs produced by Biosensor Laboratory, University of Florence and commercialized by PalmSens. The electrochemical cell, consisting of a graphite working electrode and silver counter and pseudo-reference electrodes, was printed on a planar polyester substrate (Fig. 29.2). 

Later workers, chiefly in Japan, used naphthalimides with alkoxy substituents at the 4- or 4,5-positions and obtained brighteners with good lightfastness for polyester substrates and good chlorite fastness for polyacrylonitriles. The first commercial product was 4-methoxy-iV-methylnaphthalimide (64) [3271-05-4] [113], Table 7.10 lists the most important compounds. 

The sole representative of this class is l-(4,6-dimethoxy-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyrene (67), [3271-22-5], which gives a bluish white brightening effect on polyester substrates it is employed chiefly in combination with other polyester brighteners such as 38. Compound 67 is obtained by the Fricdel-Crafts reaction of cyanuric chloride with pyrene with subsequent replacement of the remaining chlorines with methoxyl groups [117],... 

An interesting test result on the removal of mineral oil from a polyester substrate was reported by Dillan et al (15). 

Fig. 2 Screen-printed electrodes produced in the author s lab the cell consists of circular graphite working electrode (diameter of 3 mm), a silver pseudo-reference electrode, and a graphite counter electrode. The cell is printed on a planar, polyester substrate (of thickness 450 micron). Each cell is pre-cut by a laser trim. The dimension of each cell is 0.8 cm x 4.5 cm. A standard connector of 2.45 mm pitch can be used with these cells. These sensors show a coefficient of variation (CV) of 5%...

Use a range of solvents for other polymer coatings, as detailed in Table 7.1. Tetrahydrofuran will dissolve and separate PVC and PVDC from nylon and polyester substrates in the cold. Carbon tetrachloride will dissolve and separate chlorinated polyethylene from nylon and polyester substrates. Toluene will dissolve and separate polyethylene from synthetic fibre substrates, apart from polyolefins, when the whole material should dissolve. 

This is the reason why a polymer dieleetrie film that can be deposited at low process temperatures is used. For the integration of OFETs on polymer dielec-tries, sueh as polyimide films or eommereial insulating varnishes, the initial studies still use silieon substrates. Subsequently, a new high-A resist based on hydrolysed and partially condensed ethyl silieates is used it is filled with nanopartieles of an inorganic material. Applying this special resist, transistors on a polyester substrate could be built successfully. 

Figure 18.14 Output characteristic of a transistor with a channel length of 10 pm and a channel width of 1000 pm on a polyester substrate.

Figure 18.15 OFETs on a polyester substrate, using high-epsilon resist as gate dielectric.

As mentioned above, maximum oily soil removal from polyester substrates by POE nonionics is obtained when the PIT of the surfactant in the presence of that soil is close to the wash temperature. Since the PIT decreases with decrease in the EO content of the POE nonionic surfactant, it is to be expected that as the wash temperature is decreased, the EO content of the surfactant showing optimum oily soil removal will decrease. Thus, for single homogeneous surfactants, C12H25 (OC2H4)vOH, maximum cetane detergency at 30°C was shown by the 4EO compound (PIT = 30°C), at 50°C by the 5EO compound (PIT = 52°C), and at 65°C by the 6EO compound (Benson, 1986). The detergency of the 5EO compound at 30°C could be increased by additives that decreased its cloud point (and PIT). 

Heveagrip. eveatex] Resorcinol-fxm-aldehyde latex saturam to improve adhesion to nylon, rayon, [Pg.170]

FIGURE 9.1 Scheme of screen-printing electrodes. Fabrication process of the sensor consisted of three steps including consecutive printing of the silver layer (b), carbon layer (c), and insulating layer (d) on the polyester substrate. The sensors were produced in sheets of 20 electrodes. 

---