Polyester fiber 1818 INDEX

Classification by usage or appHcation is the principal system adopted by the Colour Index (5). Because the most important textile fibers are cotton (qv) and polyester, the most important dye types are those used for dyeing these two fibers, including polyester—cotton blends (see Fibers, polyester). 

In flame retarding nonwovens, the contribution of components may not be additive. Rather, the interaction of binder, flame retardant, and substrate is critical in the performance of the flame retardant nonwoven. Similarly, the flammability of a binder film or the flammability of a flame retardant coated woven cloth often do not predict the flame retardancy of the same binder or flame retardant on a nonwoven substrate of rayon or polyester. Actual data on a nonwovens substrate is the only accurate measure of a system s flame retardancy. For this study, two widely used substrates were selected. The first, lightweight rando rayon, is representative of material used in nurse caps, surgeon s masks, and miscellaneous coverstock. This material is constructed of 1 1/2 denier fiber, weighs 1 1/2 ounces per square yard, and is relatively dense web. Rayon as a material is water absorbent, burns rather than melts, and is readily flammable. This fiber ignites around 400°C(2) and has an oxygen index of about 19.0. Certain binders adhere well to rayon while others do not. Apparently, this lack of affinity for the substrate affects flame retardancy, as will be demonstrated later. 

Uses. About 60% of the MA produced is used to make unsaturated polyester and aikyd resins, which are formed by reaction of MA with glycols. Polyester resins are used in the fabrication of glass fiber reinforced parts. Applications include boat hulls, automobile body parts, patio furniture, shower stalls, and pipe. Aikyd resins are mostly used in coatings (paint, varnish, lacquers, and enamels). MA also is widely used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of plasticizers and dibasic acids (fumaric, maleic, and succinic). About 15% of MA production goes into the manufacture of viscosity index improvers and dispersants used as additives in lube oils. Several agricultural chemicals are based on maleic anhydride, the best known being Malathion. 

Here we report similar studies on 2GT polyester and 66 polyamide fibers and define local order indexes. 

Disperse dyes were originally developed for incorporation into certain cellulose acetate fibers. Applications of disperse dyes include the coloring of nylons, polyesters, and acrylics. Since many of these dyes were also designed to be mixed— dispersed —with a dispersant, care must be exercised in avoiding dispersed versions of these dyes, since the dispersants used are not meant to be incorporated in plastics and seriously diminish the brightness and transparency of the dye. Disperse dyes in their pure form are often also classified as solvent dyes, carrying both Colour Index names. Many disperse dyes developed for polyesters are finding use in other polymers. 

Fiber-reinforced polyesters - Their properties depend on the composition of the resin and the amount and distribution of the fibers. The composite composition determines the penetration of light as well as its mechanical and chemical properties. Thus, the use of tetrachlorophthalic acid increases the refractive index whereas the use of PMMA in place of styrene lowers the diffusion power and increases the transparency and stability of the product. Polyesters are slightly transparent to UV radiation and the penetration is further reduced or eliminated by UV absorbers. Transparency of reinforced polyesters to solar radiation is low and hence gives rise to a reduced temperature build-up. The greenhouse effect results from the opacity of this material to radiation emitted by the soil. 

In contrast to linear polyamides and polyesters, PP may be processed to form fibers over a wide range of molecular weight (M), approximately between 80000 and 300 000 g mol which corresponds to melt flow index (MFI) approximately from 30-35 g/10 min to 5.0-6.0g/10min. For melt-blown technology, the MFI requirement is 100-1000 g/10 min. The molecular weight distribution expressed as the ratio of weight average... 

ASP Water-washed kaolin, Engelhard Aspun Fiber grade resins, Dow Astrawax Amide wax, additive lubricant, AlliedSignal Adac Thermoset polyester, Reichhold Attain ULDPE, Dow Aurum Polyimide resin, Mitsui Auto-Grader Online melt flow indexer, Brabender Autofiroth Pressurized rigid froth polyurethane foam systems, BASF Autoguage Automatic die. 

Uses Surfactant surf. tens, depressant wetting agent emulsifier foam builder humectant softener used for producing flexible slab stock urethane foam plasticizer for hair resins imparts spreadability. It. nongreasy feel, and detackification to hair sprays, shampoos, skin care lotions, perfumes, shaving soaps lubricant, antistat on polyamide/polyester/spandex fibers Properties Gardner 2 hazy, vise, liq. sol. in water, alcohol, hydroalcoholic systems, propylene glycol, IPM sp.gr, 1,07 vise. 465 cs HLB 13.6 f.p. 50 F b.p. > 200 C flash pt. (COC) 149 C pour pt, 52 F ref. index 1.454 100% cone. 

Features Improves sir. as glass fiber size composite in reinforced polyester composites enhances initial wet sir. of reinforced polyester resin composites enhances wet elec, props, of many min.-filled and reinforced composites Properties Colorless transparent liq, faint sweet odor sol. in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, benzene, toluene, and xylene m.w. 248.4 dens. 1.045 vise. 2cSL b.p. 255 C flash pi. 108 C ref. index 1 4202 0.0005 PD-23 [Sonnebom]... 

Uses Fiber lubricant, antistat for polyester, acrylic Properties Liq. water-sol, ref, index 1.467 sp.gr. 1.02 vise. 110 cps 87% act. Polylube Wax [Huntsman]... 

A liquid film on the fiber surface may increase the contact area and promote adhesion. It is well known that an oily film on fibers increases soiling. Kissa [19,23] found that liquids belonging to different classes of chemical compounds (hydrocarbon, fatty acid, alcohol, and ester) increased soiling of a hydrophilic fabric (cotton) and a hydrophobic fabric (polyester) with different types of particulate soil. Attempts to correlate soiling with the refractive index, viscosity, surface tension, dipole moment, and dielectric constant showed that soiling increases with the ratio of the viscosity to the dielectric constant of the liquid. Because hydrocarbons are nonpolar and have a low dielectric constant, a viscous hydrocarbon film is especially prone to capture particulate soil. 

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