POLYESTER AND VINYL ESTER RESINS

In most applications, polyester and vinyl ester resins are used as the matrix materials. Epoxies are also used, although they require longer cure times and do not release easily from the pultrusion dies. Hence, thermosetting resins are most commonly used with pultrusion, although some high-performance thermoplastics such as PEEK and polysulfone can also be accommodated. In addition to the resin, the resin bath may contain a curing agent (initiator, cf. Section 3.3.1.2), colorants, ultraviolet stabilizer, and fire retardant. 

Sheet molding compound (SMC) is a composite material that has been used as an alternative to steel for more than 30 years. SMC consists of a glass-fiber-filled unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resin that has been compacted into a sheet. These sheets are then placed into compression molds and formed into body panels, and these panels are then coated mainly by dual-cure coatings. ... 

Curing Kinetics of Unsaturated Polyester and Vinyl Ester Resins... 

J. A. Hiltz, Pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass-spectrometry identification of styrene cross-linked polyester and vinyl ester resins, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 22, 113-128, (1991). 

Hybon 2011 Rovings. [PPG Industries/ Fiber Glass Prods.] Glass roving reinforcement for polyester and vinyl ester resin systems for pultrusion applies. 

Palatal . [BASF AG] Unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins feu building sector, containers, pipes, silos, boat building, motor vehicles, elec., chem., mech. engineoing, space and air travel, consumer goods, furniture, concrete, marble, fillers, buttons, pourable sealing conqxis. laminates. 

For composite materials in contact with aqueous liquids, the resins most frequently considered include epoxy, unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins, together with advanced thermosets such as polyimides and bismaleimides and a number of thermoplastics. The latter can be engineering thermoplastics of the polyamide type, or one of a group of advanced... 

Table 3.6 Chemical resistance of typical unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins as defined by a maximum use temperature (°C) [15]... 

Table 3.7 Fracture toughness K,c) of chemically resistant polyester and vinyl ester resins [37], [39]...

U11 Ullett, J. S., Chartoff, R. P. Toughening of xmsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins with liquid rubbers. Polym. Eng. Sci. 35 (1995) 1086-1097. 

Polyester and vinyl ester resin without additives burn readily. 

Cobalt naphtenate is made by treating cobalt hydroxide or acetate with naphtenic acid. It is an accelerant in rubber, unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins. 

Specialty Machines. Machinery can usually be designed to accommodate any reinforcing fiber and resin system on the market today. Since the goal is the lowest possible cost, the industry usually employs roving or tow as the cheapest raw material, and thermoset polyesters and vinyl ester resins, rather than epoxies, for the highest running rates. 

Cassis F A and Talbot R C (1998) Polyester and vinyl ester resins, in Handbook of Composites, 2nd edition (Ed. Peters S T) Chapman Hall, London, UK, pp. 34-47. 

The glass-reinforced polyester and vinyl ester resin structures are non-conductive. As such they are neither thermally nor electrically conductive. Consequently, they are ideally suited to be used as cable trays, utility truck booms, ladders, support structures for electrical devices and systems, and power junction boxes. 

The toughening effectiveness of impact modifiers of any kind in unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins will depend on the rate of impact or applied strain, atmospheric conditions (temperature, presence of solvents), and the toughness of the base resin. As the applied strain rate increases or the lest temperature decreases the effectiveness of the rubber additive may decrease. This is because the rubbery particles and the matrix resin b me more brittle under these conditions. As a result, when comparing toughness data from different sources, testing... 

Ullett, J.S. and Chartoff, R.P. (1995) Toughening of unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins with liquid rubbers. Poly. Engr. and Sci., 35,1086-1097. 

TABLE 1.54 POLYESTER AND VINYL ESTER RESINS-ASHLAND... 

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