Polyelectrolyte diallyldimethylammonium

A detailed study of the structure of the aggregates of the ionic surfactants in polyelectrolyte networks was presented in Refs. [66,68]. The dynamics of the changes in the microenvironment of the fluorescent probe, pyrene, in slightly crosslinked networks of poly(diallyldimethylammonium bromide) (PDADMAB) during diffusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the gel phase has been investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. In Ref. [66], an analogous investigation was reported for complexes formal by the sodium salt of PMAA with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). 

Polymer beads have also been tagged by treating them after each new diversity-introducing reaction with dye-containing, colloidal silica particles, which can be irreversibly adsorbed on the surface of the beads with the aid of polyelectrolytes such as poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(acrylic acid) [42,43]. Larger portions of support can also be linked to a chip that enables electronic tagging with a radio emitter [44-46]. 

Keywords Diallyldimethylammonium chloride, Polyelectrolytes, Polymerization, Charac-... 

This review demonstrated that research on diallyldimethylammoium chloride and its polymers have contributed to the general understanding of the polymerization of ionic monomers, the development of methods for the molecular characterization possibilities of cationic polyelectrolytes, and the understanding regarding polyelectrolyte behavior. However, in comparison to the industrial importance of diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymers, the level of fundamental knowledge is far from adequate. In particular, copolymerization processes with monomers other than acrylamide, the characterization of copolymers related to their chain architecture and charge distribution, the dependence of... 

Abstract Investigations of alternate adsorption regularities of cationic polyelectrolytes a) copolymer of styrene and dimethylaminopropyl-maleimide (CSDAPM) and b) poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and anionic surfactant - sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on fused quartz surface were carried out by capillary electrokinetic method. The adsorption/desorption kinetics, structure and properties of adsorbed layers for both polyelectrolytes and also for the second adsorbed layer were studied in dependence on different conditions molecular weight of polyelectrolyte, surfactant and polyelectrolyte concentration, the solution flow rate through the capillary during the adsorption, adsorbed layer formation... 

The decrease in the amount of polyelectrolyte adsorbed on the silica surface whilst increasing the salt concentration is in contrast to results obtained for adsorption of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) on different silica samples [75, 76]. Probably the chloride ions shield the segment-segment interactions between charged groups inside the coil of an individual polyelectrolyte chain and the silica surface [77-80]. This explanation is also consistent with the assumption that electrostatic forces determine the adsorption mechanism of PVFA-co-PVAm chains on silica. 

Fig. 11 Scheme of layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes on activated porous supporting membrane. The separation layer is obtained upon multiple repetition of steps A and B. In reality, pore diameters are 20 to 200 nm, polymer chains are less ordered and partially overlapping. Polyelectrolytes PVA, poly(vinylamine) PAH, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) PEP, polyethyleneimine (branched), P4VP, poly(4-vinylpyridine) PDADMA, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) PVS, poly(vinylsulfate) PVSu, poly(vinylsulfonate) PSS, poly(styrenesulfonate) PAA, polyacrylic acid DEX, dextran sulfate (from Ref. [70])... 

Polyelectrolyte multilayers on silica colloids are investigated here using a combination of fast MAS and DQ solid-state NMR techniques. 2D DQ H NMR spectra of the bulk complex and the multilayer films are found to be similar, revealing complexation between the alternating layers of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). 

The direct asymmetric aldol reaction between unmodified aldehydes and ketones plays an important role in nature as a source of carbohydrates and it is used for the synthesis of chiral p-hydroxycarbonyl compounds. This reaction was performed by using (5)-proline/poly-(diallyldimethylammonium) hexafluorophosphate heterogeneous catalytic system 36. The catalyst was simply prepared by mixing a suspension of the commercially available polyelectrolyte 34 in methanol with a solution of (,S )-prolinc (35) in the same solvent (Scheme 3.11). 

The formation of salt bridges in polyelectrolyte/protein complexes is widely accepted. Direct evidences for the release of counterions upon association of the macromolecular partners are however scarcely reported. Potentio-metric studies were found to reveal the ionization or neutralization of proteins in polymer complexes, i.e., a pKa shift of ionizable residues when an association took place [23,25,30], In the presence of neutral polyethylene glycol, pepsin was shown to take up protons from the solution [30], On the contrary, bovine serum albumin released protons from the addition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (Figure 5). Despite the simplicity of both the method and the quantitative measurement of a number of ions released per protein, an interpretation in terms of a number of local bridges... 

We carried out potentiometric investigations with a Cl sensitive electrode [40] to determine the degree of conversion, i.e., the release of the low molecular counterions in the reactions between sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (NaPSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and its copolymers with acrylamide of various compositions (for synthesis and characterization of the samples see [41]). The basic idea of these studies on PEC formation is the change of the Cl ion activity coefficient due to the release of the counterions. According to Manning s theory [31], the activity coefficient of the counterions of a polyelectrolyte is given by... 

Brand F, Dautzenberg H, Jaeger W, Hahn M. Polyelectrolytes with various charge densities synthesis and characterization of diallyldimethylammonium chloride acrylamide copolymers. Appl Macromol Chem 1997 248 41-71. 

Silicon substrate was modified by alternative adsorption of 1 mg/ml polyelectrolyte solutions. Positively charged poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA, M =200000-350000, Aldrich) and negatively charged poly-(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS, Mw=70 000, Aldrich) served as polyelectrolytes. The treated surfaces were rinsed with pure water 3-5 times between each layer... 

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was the first quaternary ammonium polymer approved for potable water clarification by the United States Public Health Service, and has historically been the most widely produced cationic polyelectrolyte. There have been several studies on the kinetics (26-37) and uses of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) (38-45) however, there have been no investigations in inverse microsuspension, the most common industrial method of polymerization. Furthermore, there is considerable disagreement between published reactivity ratios, probably because no satisfactory analytical methods have been described in the literature for residual monomer concentration or copolymer composition. For other commercially important quaternary ammonium polymers, such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, few kinetic data are available (46-51) only Tanaka (37) measured the reactivity ratios. 

Uniform PANI thin shells and hollow capsules have been formed using polyelectrolyte-coated microspheres as a template [285]. Multilayers of poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and PSS pre-coated onto melamine formaldehyde particle via the LBL self-assembly procedure was used as a template for the subsequent deposition of PANI. 

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