Polymers, quaternary ammonium

Preparation Procedures. Five grains of p-aminopolystyrene (II) prepared as before from cross-linked polystyrene was refluxed with 5% CH3I in CH3OH for 10 hours. The product was filtered, washed with water and methanol, and then dried under vacuum. This quaternary ammonium polymer further reacted with 50 mgm. of heparin in water solution to form the complex (VI). The sulfur microanalysis showed 0.9% by weight. 

Quaternary ammonium polymers improve wet fastness with anionic dyes. 

Cat-Floc [Nalco]. (diallyldimethylammoni-um chloride). TM for a quaternary ammonium polymer. 

Although several systems have been evaluated to determine the structure of the ring formed in cyclopolymerization, very little work has been reported on the original cyclopolymer reported by Butler ( 7) that was obtained from N,N-dimethyldiallyl-ammonium bromide or the chloride. Consequently, we undertook a study of a five-membered quaternary ammonium polymer, poly(l,l, 3,4-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolinium bromide) as a model system. N,N-dimethyl-3,4-dimethylenepyrrolidinium bromide (6 ) was prepared by reacting dimethylamine with 2,3-bis(bromomethyl)-l,3-butadiene (5). In addition to the bromide salt (6), the iodide salt was also prepared by reacting 2,3-bis(bromomethyl)-l,3-butadiene... 

Chemikat. [Sanyo Chem. Industries] Quaternary ammonium polymers or surfactants antistat electroconductive agent for facsimile paper, printing ink. 

Glopol 461. [Rhone-Poulenc Ltd.] Acrylic quaternary ammonium polymer in IP A antistat for mfg. of elec, conductive papers and for electrostatic printing applies. 

Quaternary ammonium polymers were first discovered by Butler and Bunch (13) in 1949. In that investigation, tri- and tetraallyl quaternary ammonium salts were polymerized to form highly cross-linked water-insoluble polymers. In 1951, Butler and Ingley (14) reacted diallyl quaternary bromide salt to produce a polymer that was water-soluble and did not form a gel. Later, Butler (15) showed that the chloride ion form of diallylammonium monomers gave more useful polymers because of their higher molecular weights. 

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was the first quaternary ammonium polymer approved for potable water clarification by the United States Public Health Service, and has historically been the most widely produced cationic polyelectrolyte. There have been several studies on the kinetics (26-37) and uses of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) (38-45) however, there have been no investigations in inverse microsuspension, the most common industrial method of polymerization. Furthermore, there is considerable disagreement between published reactivity ratios, probably because no satisfactory analytical methods have been described in the literature for residual monomer concentration or copolymer composition. For other commercially important quaternary ammonium polymers, such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, few kinetic data are available (46-51) only Tanaka (37) measured the reactivity ratios. 

Until recently (8), quaternary ammonium polymers represented an unexplored special class of organic cations. With polymers, a growing crystal had to admit not just a single cation but a complete, linked chain of defined structure. 

A similar class of siloxane polymers was created with imi-dazolium groups (Cl5). ° Monomer synthesis consisted of combining N-allylimidazole and methyldiethoxysilane at elevated temperature. Homopolymers were created by polycondensation. Polymers with dimethylsiloxane spacers were also created by anionic ring-opening polymerization. Both classes of imidazole polymers were then reacted with n-octyl bromide to create the imidazolium side chains. Bactericidal activities of these polymers were similar to the quaternary ammonium polymers. 

Classification Quaternary ammonium polymer Definition From reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate Formula (C8H15NO2 C6H9NO)x XC4H10O4S Uses Antistat, film-former in cosmetics conditioner for hair conditioners, rinses, sprays, shampoos, dyes, semipermanents, deodorants, antiperspirants, shaving preps., antiseptics, toilet soaps, skin creams, sunburn remedies... 

Wettability, surface free energy, surface charge and compliance have been studied. Heparinized surfaces have exhibited considerable compatibility with blood. Typically, heparin is surface bound using cationic materials including tridodecyl methylammonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, octadecylamine and quaternary ammonium polymers. Since polyelectrolyte complexes of heparin and chitosan have been prepared and exhibit either thrombogenic or non thrombogenic properties chitosan can be coated onto artificial polymeric supports and then reacted with heparin or with heparin-like substances... 

Alkylammonium cations, as well as quaternary ammonium polymers, may be used to modify the electrophoretic migration of anions. Steiner, Watson and Fritz [17] demonstrated that a 100-mM concentration of a quaternary ammonium salt provides an excellent medium for separation of anions. The electrophoretic migration of sample anions is slowed by ion association (or ion exchange) with the organic cation. The extent of anion-cation interact ion varies with the bulk and hydrophobicity of the cations as well as the cation concentration. This effect is illustrated by the electropherograms in Figure 11.16 where the BGE contained 100 mM R4.N Cr and 5 mM buffer. The anion migration times increase in the order R = ethyl < propyl < butyl. 

Additives used in final products - Plasticizers phthalates, adipates, citrates Antistatics vanadium pentoxide, vinyl benzene quaternary ammonium polymer ... 

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