Polychlorinated biphenyls modification

SW-846, is used to measure emissions of semivolatile principal organic constituents. Method 0010 is designed to determine destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of POHCs from incineration systems. The method involves a modification of the EPA Method 5 sampling train and may be used to determine particulate emission rates from stationary sources. The method is applied to semivolatile compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, polycyclic organic matter, and other semivolatile organic compounds. 

Mondello FJ, MP Turcich, JH Lobos, BD Erickson (1997) Identification and modification of biphenyl dioxygenase sequences that determine the specificity of polychlorinated biphenyl degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 3096-3103. 

Picer and Picer [357] evaluated the application ofXAD-2, XAD-4, and Tenax macroreticular resins for concentrations of chlorinated insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in seawater prior to analysis by electron capture gas chromatography. The solvents that were used eluted not only the chlorinated hydrocarbons of interest but also other electron capture sensitive materials, so that eluates had to be purified. The eluates from the Tenax column were combined and the non-polar phase was separated from the polar phase in a glass separating funnel. Then the polar phase was extracted twice with n-pentane. The -pentane extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated to 1 ml and cleaned on an alumina column using a modification of the method described by Holden and Marsden. The eluates were placed on a silica gel column for the separation of PCBs from DDT, its metabolites, and dieldrin using a procedure described by Snyder and Reinert [359] and Picer and Abel [360]. 

The Remediation Technologies, Inc. (RETEC), Thermatek thermal desorption system is an ex situ high-temperature treatment technology that treats soils, sediments, and sludges contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The process uses a conventional Holo-Flite thermal desorption unit with RETEC s proprietary modifications, using an indirect heating source. 

EPA. 1997c. Addition of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds modification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) listing toxic chemical release reporting community right-to-know. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register. 62 FR 24887. 

Table II. Modification of 2-FA-induced mutagenesis in S. typhimurium TA98 by retinol utilizing carcinogen activation sources prepared from rats not treated with polychlorinated biphenyls...

Allen JR, Norback DH, Hsu IC. 1974b. Tissue modifications in monkeys as related to absorption, distribution, and excretion of polychlorinated biphenyls. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2 86-95. 

Bonnyns M, Bastomsky CH. 1976. Polychlorinated biphenyl-induced modification of lymphocyte response to plant mitogens in rats. Experientia 15(4) 522-523. 

Hansen LG. 1987a. Food chain modification of the composition and toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues. Rev Environ Toxicol 3 149-212. 

Kling D, Kunkle J, Roller AS, et al. 1978. Polychlorinated biphenyls In vivo and in vitro modifications of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1 813-828. 

This test method is based largely on EPA 8080 (and the proposed modification for the use of capillary columns. EPA 8081) and EPA Report 60Q/4-8I-04S by Bellar, T. and J. Lichtenberg. reported in 1981. The report is titled, The Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformer Fluid and Waste Oils and provides significant support to the protocol below. 

---