Polychlorinated biphenyls biodegradation

Damaj M, D Ahmad (1996) Biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by rhizobia a novel finding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 218 908-915. 

Bedard DL, (1990) Bacterial transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls. In Biotechnology and Biodegradation (Eds D Kamely, A Chakrabarty, GS Omenn), Vol. 4, pp. 369-388. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston. 

The relationships between the molecular structure of environmental pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and their rate of biodegradation are still not well understood, though some empirical relationships have been established. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) have been used to rationalize the resistance of PCBs to biodegradation and to predict the susceptibility to degradation of those compounds for which experimental data are lacking.3 The same technique has been used to analyze the behavior of lipid bilayers, following a... 

Cartwright, H.M., Investigation of structure-biodegradability relationships in polychlorinated biphenyls using self-organising maps, Neural Comput. Apps., 11, 30, 2002. 

Chen, M., C.S. Hong, B. Bush, and G.Y. Rhee. 1988. Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by bacteria from Hudson River sediments. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 16 95-105. 

Rhee, G.-Y., B. Bush, M.P. Brown, M. Kane, and L. Shane. 1989. Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Hudson River sediments and dredged sediments in clay encapsulation. Water Res. 23 957-964. 

Golyshin, P. M., Fredrickson, H. L., Giuliano, L., Rothmel, R., Timmis, K. N. and Yakimov, M. M. (1999). Effect of novel biosurfactants on biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by pure and mixed bacterial cultures, Microbiologica, 22, 257-267. 

Biological. Reported degradation products by the microorganism Alcaligenes BM-2 for a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls include monohydroxychlorobiphenyl, 2-hydroxy-6-oxochlorophenylhexa-2,4-dieonic acid, chlorobenzoic acid, chlorobenzoylpropionic acid, chlorophenylacetic acid, and 3-chlorophenyl-2-chloropropenic acid (Yagi and Sudo, 1980). When PCB-1016 was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum, no significant biodegradation was observed. At a concentration of 5 mg/L, percent losses after 7, 14, 21, and 28-d incubation periods were 44, 47, 46, and 48, respectively. At a concentration of 10 mg/L, only 22, 46, 20, and 13% losses were observed after the 7, 14, 21, and 28-d incubation periods, respectively (Tabak et al., 1981). 

Synthetic musks have been detected in human tissues (Table 8) due to their lipophilic nature and their low biodegradability. The occurrence of these fragrance-related chemicals is subjected to a variable pattern with substantial interindividual differences, opposed to other environmental contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or pesticides [165]. 

Bioremediation using Biodrain is not possible for compounds resistant to biodegradation. Much longer degradation times are required for compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear aromatics (PNAs) 3 to 7 years may be required for highly resistant contaminants. Bioremediation is also limited by below-freezing temperatures and free aqueous metals concentrations. Metals can be extracted or immobilized prior to biotreatment. Biodrain cannot be installed in rock or some landfill situations unless holes are drilled first. Current installation limits are approximately 40 ft. 

IT Corporation (IT) developed a two-stage photolytic and biological soil detoxification process to treat soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-/7-dioxin (TCDD). The photolysis/biodegradation process has been evaluated under the U.S. 

The technology is not applicable for contaminants that are not biodegradable, such as chlorinated solvents, pesticides, and herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), metals, and certain inorganics. Also, the cleanup time can take up to several months to complete, depending on the type of contaminant. 

Biopiles have some potential limitations. For example, certain chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls and other hydrocarbons are resistant to biodegradation. In addition, high concentrations of toxic metals, such as lead, copper, and mercury, may limit treatment using biopiles. 

Brunner, W., Sutherland, F. H. Focht, D. D. (1985). Enhanced biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil by analog enrichment and bacterial inoculation. Journal of Environmental Quality, 14, 324-8. 

Erickson, B.D. Mondello, F.J. (1993). Enhanced biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls after site-directed mutagenesis of a biphenyl dioxygenase gene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59, 3858-62. 

Furukawa, K. (1982). Microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. In Biodegradation and Detoxification of Environmental Pollutants, ed. A. M. Chakrabarty, pp. 33-57. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. 

Furukawa, K., Tonomura, K. Kamibayashi, A. (1978a). Effect of chlorine substitution on the biodegradability of polychlorinated biphenyls. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 35, 223-7. 

Layton, A. C., Lajoie, C. A., Easter, J. P., Jernigan, R.,Sanseverino,J. Sayler, G. S. (1994). Molecular diagnostics and chemical analysis for assessing biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in contaminated soils. Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 13, 392—401. 

Parsons, J.R. Sijm, D.T. H.M. (1988). Biodegradation kinetics of polychlorinated biphenyls in continuous cultures of a Pseudomonas strain. Chemosphere, 17, 1755-66. 

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