Biodegradation assessment

Biodegradability assessment of ozonated raw and biotreated pharmaceutical wastewater. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 43 (4), 425-431. 

Boethling R.S., P.H. Howard, J.A. Beauman, and M.E. Larosche. 1995. Factors for intermedia extrapolation in biodegradation assessment. Chemosphere 30 741-752. 

The results of this study demonstrated that there are a number of advantages in using combined toxicity and biodegradation assessments to improve the hazard and risk assessment of refinery/petrochemical effluents. The results indicated that... 

Wu, C.S. Improving polylactide/starch biocomposites by grafting polylactide with acrylic acid-characterization and biodegradability assessment. Macromol. Biosci. 5, 352-361 (2005)... 

Stoke S, Steudte S, Areitioaurtena O, et al Ionic hquids as lubricants or lubrication additives an ecotoxicity and biodegradability assessment, Chemosphere 89 1135—1141, 2012. 

Inherent Biodegradability Assess whether chemical has any potential for biodegradation under aerobic conditions. 

F. Buchholz, L.Y Wick, H. Harms, Th Maskow, The kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation assessed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Thermochim. Acta. 458, 47-53 (2007). doi 10.1016/j.tca.2007.01.028... 

Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate showed no deleterious effect on agricultural crops exposed to this material (54,55). Kinetics of biodegradation have been studied in both wastewater treatment systems and natural degradation systems (48,57,58). Studies have concluded that linear alkylbenzenesulfonate does not pose a risk to the environment (50). Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate has a half-life of approximately one day in sewage sludge and natural water sources and a half-life of one to three weeks in soils. Aquatic environmental safety assessment has also shown that the material does not pose a hazard to the aquatic environment (56). 

The consensus in the literature is that AOS has rapid biodegradability due to its linear structure, whether assessed on the basis of functional loss or on the basis of loss of organic carbon [2,140]. 

Nyholm N, A Damborg, P Lindgaard-Jorgensen (1992) A comparative study of test methods for assessment of the biodegradability of chemicals in seawater—screening tests and simulation tests. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 23 173-190. 

Whyte LG, CW Greer, WE Innis (1996) Assessment of the biodegradation potential of psychrotrophic microorganisms. Can J Microbiol A2 99-106. 

Geyer R, AD Peacock, A Miltner, H-H Richnow, DC White, KL Sublette, M Kastner (2005) In situ assessment of biodegradation potential using biotraps amended with C-labeled benzene or toluene. Environ Sci Technol 39 4983-4989. 

Nyholm N, P Kristensen (1992) Screening methods for assessment of biodegradability of chemicals in seawater—results from a ring test. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 23 161-172. 

Traps with Bio-Sep beads amended with [ Cg]-benzene and [ C]-toluene were used to assess biodegradation in an aquifer (Geyer et al. 2005). Beads were lyophilized after exposure, lipids were extracted with chloroform-methanol, and the fatty acids and values analyzed. High enrichment of was observed in several fatty acids, which showed that the label from the substrates had been incorporated. In addition, there were differences in the abundance of the fatty acids in beads amended with benzene or toluene that suggested the existence of different microbial degradative populations. 

Selifonov SA, PJ Chapman, SB Akkerman, JE Gurst, JM Bortiatynski, MA Nanny, PG Hatcher (1998) Use of nuclear magnetic resonance to assess fossil fuel biodegradation fate of [l- C]acenaphthene in creosote polycyclic aromatic compound mixtures degraded by bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 1447-1453. 

Collectively, these results illustrate the value of this procedure for determining the occurrence of biodegradation and biotransformation in natural environments, and their application to assessing the effectiveness of bioremediation. A number of important limitations should be addressed. 

It is important to be able to assess biodegradation of the oil relative to that of its most recalcitrant components. 

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