Polycarbonate polyester chemical structure

See also PBT degradation structure and properties of, 44-46 synthesis of, 106, 191 Polycaprolactam (PCA), 530, 541 Poly(e-caprolactone) (CAPA, PCL), 28, 42, 86. See also PCL degradation OH-terminated, 98-99 Polycaprolactones, 213 Poly(carbo[dimethyl]silane)s, 450, 451 Polycarbonate glycols, 207 Polycarbonate-polysulfone block copolymer, 360 Polycarbonates, 213 chemical structure of, 5 Polycarbosilanes, 450-456 Poly(chlorocarbosilanes), 454 Polycondensations, 57, 100 Poly(l,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), 25 Polydimethyl siloxanes, 4 Poly(dioxanone) (PDO), 27 Poly (4,4 -dipheny lpheny lpho sphine oxide) (PAPO), 347 Polydispersity, 57 Polydispersity index, 444 Poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA), 41 Poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA), 42 Polyester amides, 18 Polyester-based networks, 58-60 Polyester carbonates, 18 Polyester-ether block copolymers, 20 Polyester-ethers, 26... 

Not all synthetic polymers are used as fibers Mylar for example is chemically the same as Dacron but IS prepared in the form of a thin film instead of a fiber Lexan is a polyester which because of its impact resistance is used as a shatterproof substitute for glass It IS a polycarbonate having the structure shown... 

Bisphenols is a broad term that includes many chemicals with the common chemical structure of two phenolic rings joined together by a bridging carbon. Bisphenol A is a monomer widely used in the manufacture of epoxy and phenolic resins, polycarbonates, polyacrylates and corrosion-resistant unsaturated polyester-styrene resins. It can be found in a diverse range of products, including the interior coatings of food cans and filters, water containers, dental composites and sealants. [4]. BPA and BP-5 were selected for testing by the whole... 

The author worked for many years at BP Research on the synthesis of LCPs and devised an empirical method called the Mesogenic Index, which employs functional group contributions on an additive score basis to predict whether a particular random copolymer is likely to exhibit a mesophase (subject to the polymer being soluble or fusible). This chapter explores the general features and theoretical aspects of the chemical structures of main chain LCPs and describes the Mesogenic Index and how it was successfully applied to polyesters, polyamides and polycarbonates. The final section describes the extension of the MI empirical method to the various types of LC polyimides reported in recent years. 

This chapter reviews the research and the most relevant progresses in polycarbonates (PC)s science and provides a comprehensive source of information on history, synthesis, processing and applications. The application of different polymerization procedure of the commercial aromatic bisphenol-A polycarbonate (referred herein as PC) and the innovative enzymatic catalysed polymerization of aliphatic polycarbonate are summarized. Due to the high engineering performance of PC polymer, an extensive section on mechanical, electrical, chemical and thermal properties is included. The thermo and photo oxidative behaviours, the hydrolytic stability and the consequent modification on PC chemical structure are also discussed. The development of PC polymeric materials such as composites and blends are also addressed, emphasizing in particular the properties and the applications of impact modified PC blends and even of the PC/Polyester systems. 

Figure 6.2 Chemical structures of monomers used to make polycarbonate polyester.

The influence of mesomorphic polymer components on the morphological, physical, and rheological properties of blends with polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyolefin matrix has been investigated in several cases [115]. Studies on blends of PET, PBT, PC, PS with main chain liquid crystal polymers and copolymers of various type (including flexible LC copolyesters and wholly aromatic LC copolyesters) showed that the phase transitions and properties were largely dependent on the chemical structure, molar mass, processing conditions, and concentration of components [132-134]. Generally, these systems displayed phase separation in the molten... 

The commercial polyester elastomers are mostly based on poly(tetrameth-ylene oxide) (PTMO) as flexible segment and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) as rigid segment. Yet, many chemical modifications of some particular segments and also segments of totally different chemical structure have been examined and applied. Thus, in addition to PTMO [1,2,11-16], poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) [17-22], poly(aliphatic oxide) (C2-C4) copolymers [23-30], poly (butylene succinate), and other aliphatic polyesters [31-35], polycaprolac-tone (PCL), polypivalolactone (PVL) [36,37], aliphatic polycarbonates (PC) [38-41], dimerized fatty acid (DFA)-based polyesters [42-50], polyamide 66 and derivatives [47-57], polyolefins [58-60], rubbers [61-63], and polydimethyl-siloxane [64,65] are used as flexible segments of polyester elastomers. 

In addition to the separate or combined effects of heat, oxygen, and radiation, polymers may deteriorate due to exposure to water (hydrolysis) or different types of chemical agents. Condensation polymers like nylons, polyesters, and polycarbonates are susceptible to hydrolysis. Structural alteration of some polymers may occur as a result of exposure to different chemical environments. Most thermoplastics in contact with organic liquids and vapors, which ordinarily may not be considered solvents for the polymers, can undergo environmental stress cracking and crazing. This may result in a loss of lifetime performance or mechanical stability and ultimately contribute to premature mechanical failure of the polymer under stress. 

The THM reaction linked to GC, GC/mass spectrometry (MS), and MS has been successfully applied to the chemical characterization of a number of synthetic and natural products, including resins, lipids, waxes, wood products, soil sediments, and microorganisms. This technique is also very effective for the detailed characterization of the synthetic polymeric materials, especially the condensation polymers, such as polyesters and polycarbonates, because many simplified pyrograms are usually obtained that consist of peaks of methyl derivatives from the constituents of the polymer samples almost quantitatively. In this chapter, the instrumental and methodological aspects of Py-GC in the presence of the organic alkali are briefly described, and then some typical applications to the precise compositional analyses and microstructural elucidation inclusive of the intractable cross-linking structures for various condensation type polymeric materials are discussed. 

AQ dyes are used for a broader spectrum of resins than that of the azo dyes. They are heavily used in styrene, ABS, SAN, polycarbonate, acrylics, cellulosics, polyesters etc. and are well known for excellent weatherability in the transparent mode such as red taillights, but in tint applications the light stability is greatly reduced. Heat, photo and chemical stability vary considerably as the pendants on the base AQ structure are substituted. Awareness of these differences is essential in color formulating. Most AQ dyes are not recommended for polyamide applications as these resins react with amine pendants and can remove the color. We are... 

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