Polybase, defined

Poly(methyl vinyl ether) [34465-52-6] because of its water solubility, continues to generate commercial interest. It is soluble in all proportions and exhibits a well-defined cloud point of 33°C. Like other polybases, ie, polymers capable of accepting acidic protons, such as poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(vinyl pyrroHdone), each monomer unit can accept a proton in the presence of large anions, such as anionic surfactants, Hl, or polyacids, to form a wide variety of complexes. 

Define monoprotic acid, polyprotic acid, monobasic base, polybasic base, titration curve, and inflection point. 

Alkyd resins have been the workhorse for the coatings industry over the last half century. The term alkyd was coined to define the reaction product of polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acids, in other words, polyesters. However, its definition has been narrowed to include only those polyesters containing monobasic acids, usually long-chain fatty acids. Thus thermoplastic polyesters typified by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) used in synthetic fibers, films, and plastics and unsaturated polyesters typified by the condensation product of glycols and unsaturated dibasic acids (which are widely used in conjunction with vinylic monomers in making sheet molding compounds or other thermosetting molded plastics) are not considered as part of the alkyd family and are beyond the scope of the present discussion. 

Alkyd resins have been defined as the reaction product of a polybasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol. This definition Includes polyester resins of which alkyds are a particular type. The specific definition that has gained wide acceptance is that alkyds are polyesters modified with monobasic fatty acids. In recent years, the term nonoil or oil-free alkyd has come into use to describe polyesters formed by the reaction of polybasic acids with polyhydric alcohols in non-stoichlometric amounts. These products are best described as functional saturated polyesters containing unreacted OH and/or COOH groups, and they are finding rapidly increasing uses in organic coatings. 

DIN 53183 defines an alkyd resin as follows Alkyd resins are synthetic polyester resins produced by esterifying polyhydric alcohols with polybasic carboxylic acids. At least one of the alcohols must be trihydric or higher. Alkyd resins are always modified with natural fatty acids or oils and/or synthetic fatty acids. In order to obtain particular application technology properties, alkyd resins may be additionally modified with compounds such as resin acids, benzoic acid, styrene, vinyltoluene, isocyanates, acrylic, epoxy, or silicone compounds. ... 

Metal-complex equilibria calculations are accomplished in the same manner as those for polybasic acid equilibria. For this piupose, we have defined a set of fractions to ajyjL to represent the ratios of the concentrations of the metal containing species to the analytical concentration of the metal, Cj. Thus, incorporating the equilibrium constant expression in Equations 5-1 and 5-2 and rearranging, we obtain in (5-3) expressions for the a values that are functions of the equilibrium constants and the free (i.e., not bound to M) ligand concentration. 

An important parameter that characterizes the polyelectrolyte behaviour of this weak polybase is its intrinsic pK, pKo, which is the pK-value extrapolated to zero charge. According to Katchalsky, the apparent value of pK, pKa, is defined by [68]... 

During step 1 (ion exchai e), the number of ionized repeatii units defined by the degree of quaternization remained constant. In contrast, the protonation of tertiary amine groups (step 2) increased the charge density of macromolecules. Given the presence of two types of basic units, the following parameters were considered to describe the action of HX on the polybasic form of partially quaternized P(TDAE). 

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