Poly phase diagram

Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and a-methylstyrene—acrylonitrile copolymers (a-MSAN) exhibit a miscibiUty window that stems from an LCST-type phase diagram. Figure 3 shows how the phase-separation temperature of 50% PVC blends varies with the AN content of the copolymer (96). This behavior can be described by an appropriate equation-of-state theory and interaction energy of the form given by equation 9. 

Figure 5.2 Liquid-liquid phase diagrams for a) aqueous solutions ofpoly(methacrylic acid) and ib) aqueous solutions of poly (ethylene glycols)...

Wanka, G Hoffman, H Ulbricht, W, Phase Diagrams and Aggregation Behavior of Poly (oxyethylene)-Poly(oxypropylene)-Poly(exyethylene) Triblock copolymers in Aqueous Solutions, Macromolecules 27, 4145, 1994. 

Fig. 134.—Phase diagram for poly-(N,N -sebacoyl piperazine) with each of the diluents m-cresol (A), o-nitrotoluene ( ), and diphenyl ether O crystallization, O liquid-liquid separation). (Flory, Mandelkern, and Hall. )...

Figure 10.7 The phase diagram (a) and the glass transition temperatures (b) of a PSC/PVME mixture obtained, respectively, by light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Irradiation experiments were performed in the miscible region at 127 C indicated by (X) in the figure of trans-cinnamic acid-labeled polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends.

The morphologies of various copolymers composed of polyethylene oxide), PEO, and poly (1,2-butylene oxide), PBut, were recently reviewed by Ryan et al. [61]. The corresponding phase diagrams of PEO-fr-PBut, PBut-fo-PEO-fo-PBut and PEO-fo-PBut-fo-PEO melts are depicted in Fig. 11. In all phase diagrams the semi-crystalline lamellar phase was not attained because of the copolymers low melting points. 

Thus for undiluted polymers the relaxation behaviour can be examined over a wider range of apparent frequencies. Similar functions can be constructed for other regions of the phase diagram and other rheological experiments. The method of reduced variables has not been widely tested for aqueous crosslinked polymers. Typically these are polyelectrolytes crosslinked by ionic species. Some of these give rise to very simple relaxation behaviour. For example 98% hydrolysed poly(vinyl acetate) can be crosslinked by sodium tetraborate. The crosslink that forms is shown in Figure 5.31. 

Solubilisation can best be illustrated by considering the phase diagrams of non-ionic surfactants containing poly(oxyethylene oxide) head groups. Such surfactants do not generally need a cosurfactant for microemulsion formation. At low temperatures, the ethoxylated surfactant is soluble in water... 

Fig. 14 Creation of a single specimen polymer blend phase diagram from orthogonal polymer composition and temperature gradients. The polymers are polystyrene and poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) a composition library placed orthogonal to a temperature gradient b completed gradient library polymer blend phase diagram. White points are data derived from traditional measurement for comparison. See text for details, (b reproduced with permission from [3])...

Figure 4.16 Phase diagram of poly(isoprene-Z>-2-vinylpyridine) with octyl gallate, indicating the transition between different morphologies with octyl gallate content and temperature (D, disordered S, spherical H, hexagonal L, lamellar L2, lamellar with reduced spacing I, intermediate state). Reprinted ftomBondzic et al. (2004). Copyright2004 American Chemical Society.

Fig. 16a and b. Phase diagrams of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-oxybenzoate). a. Crystal melting temperatures b. Glass transition temperatures. All samples with two glass transitions are most likely two-phase samples. The black circles up to 63 mol- % represent one-phase samples. Filled triangles W. J. Jackson, Jr. and H. F. Kuhfuss, J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Chem. Ed. 14, 2043 (1976). Open triangles R. W. Lenz and K. A. Feichtinger, Polymer Preprints, Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polymer Chem. 20, 114 (1979). Filled circles Ref. 20). Open circle J. Menczel and B. Wunderlich, J. Polymer Sci, Polymer Phys. Ed., 18, 1433 (1980)... 

Fig. 3. Phase diagram for solutions of poly-p-benzamide in dimethyl acetamide/lithium chloride I0). Polymer inherent viscosity 1.18...

A phase diagram constructed from experiments on a series of poly(styrene)-poly(isoprene) (PS-PI) diblocks is presented in Fig. 2.2 (Khand-pur et al. 1995) and this will be used as a guide for the various microstructures. In order to determine a phase diagram experimentally, a variety of methods are... 

Fig. 2.38 Phase diagram computed using the strong segregation limit theory of Helfand and Wasserman (1982) for the poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide) (PEO-PBO) diblock system. Because the ratio of statistical segment lengths aPB0/ 1, the phase diagram is asymmetric about/= 0.5 (Hamley 1997).

Wanka, G., H. Hoffmann, and W. Ulbricht. 1994. Phase diagrams and aggregation behaviour of poly(oxythylene)-poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethylene) triblock copolymers in aqueous solutions. Macromolecules 27 4145. 

High-pressure static and dynamic light scattering were used to closely examine the behavior of block copolymers of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and poly(l,l,2,2-tetrahydroperfluoroalkyl acrylate (PTAN) as a function of C02 density (Buhler et al., 1998). The phase diagram for PVAc-6-TAN shows three distinct phases as a function of polymer concentration and C02 density at a fixed temperature of 45 °C (see Figure 9.1). The block copolymer forms a precipitated phase at low C02 densities, spherical micelles at intermediate C02 densities, and unimers, or free polymer chains in solution, at high densities. The micelles-to-unimer transition was found to be very... 

Another important application is the introduction of a thermoplastic such as poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, into an unsaturated polyester resin to improve dimensional stability of the mold part. Keeping in mind (sec. 2.3.2) that an unsaturated polyester is dissolved in styrene, the modifier is the third component and the behavior is described with the help of a ternary-phase diagram (Fig. 8.3, Suspene et al., 1991). 

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