Optical properties poly

Optics. Good optical properties and low thermal resistance make poly(methyl methacrylate) polymers well suited for use as plastic optical fibers. The manufacturing methods and optical properties of the fibers have been reviewed (124) (see Fiber optics). Methods for the preparation of Fresnel lenses and a Fresnel lens film have been reported (125,126). Compositions and methods for the industrial production of cast plastic eyeglass lenses are available (127). 

LB films of CO-tricosenoic acid, CH2=CH—(CH2)2qCOOH, have been studied as electron photoresists (26—28). A resolution better than 50 nm could be achieved. Diacetylenic fatty acids have been polymerized to yield the corresponding poly (diacetylene) derivatives that have interesting third-order nonlinear optical properties (29). 

The first type of polycarbosilane synthesized by using ADMET methodology was a poly[carbo(dimethyl)silane].14c Linear poly(carbosilanes) are an important class of silicon-containing polymers due to their thermal, electronic, and optical properties.41 They are also ceramic precursors to silicon carbide after pyrolysis. ADMET opens up a new route to synthesize poly(carbosilanes), one that avoids many of the limitations found in earlier synthetic methods.41... 

Allcock HR, Mang MN, Dembek AA, et al. Poly[(aryloxy)phosphaz enes] with phenylphenoxy and related bulky side groups, synthesis, thermal transition behavior, and optical properties [J]. Macromolecules, 1989, 22, 4179 190. 

Poly(para-phenylenevinylene)s (PPVs) represent one of the most intensively investigated classes of rr-conjugated materials. Many synthetic procedures to generate unsubstituted and substituted PPVs have been developed. They include 1,6-polymerizations of 1,4-xylylene intermediates as well as several polycondensation methods. Parallel to the polymer syntheses, several series of PPV oligomers (OPVs) have been synthesized and characterized. Such model oligomers of different molecular size allow for a study of the dependence of electronic and optical properties on the length of the conjugated Ti-system. 

In 1996, Wegner et al. published the synthesis of poly(oligophenylenevinyle-ne)s (96), consisting of biphenylene-, terphenylene- and quinquephenylene moieties as aromatic building blocks, via Suzuki-type aryl-aryl cross coupling of AA/BB-type monomers [121]. By judicious choice of the arylene moieties, the optical properties of the resulting polymers can be tailored within a wide range. 

Poly (methyl methacrylate) has excellent optical properties and is marketed under the names Lucite, Plexiglas, and Perspex. 

Elghanian, R., Storhoff, J.J., Mucic, R. C., Letsinger, R.L. and Mirkin, C.A. (1997) Selective colorimetric detection of poly-nucleotides based on the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles. Science, 277, 1078-1081. 

The first synthetic polymers to be used as paint varnishes were acrylic and vinylic resins. Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), commercialized under the name Mowilith by Hoechst and Vinylite by Union Carbide, has been used in conservation as an adhesive since 1932 and in 1937 it was proposed as a picture varnish by Stout and Cross [63]. PVAc was soon rejected as a varnish because, despite its light stability and good solubility in organic solvents, it demonstrated poor optical properties in terms of colour saturation and the tendency to pick up dirt due to its low glass transition temperature. 

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of oriented poly(arylenevinylene) LB films... 

A. Marietta, F.A. Castro, C.A.M. Borges, O.N. Oliveira, Jr., R.M. Faria, and F.E.G. Guimaraes, Enhanced optical properties of layer-by-layer films of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) alternated... 

J.A. Mikroyannidis and J.K. Spiliopoulos, Synthesis and optical properties of novel blue-light emitting poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivatives with pendant oxadiazole and cyano groups, J. Polym. Sci., Part A Polym. Chem., 42 1768-1778, 2004. 

N.G. Pschirer and U.H.F. Bunz, Poly(fluorenylene ethynylene)s by alkyne metathesis optical properties and aggregation behavior, Macromolecules, 33 3961-3963, 2000. 

A. Bolognesi, C. Botta, and L. Cecchinato, Optical properties and electroluminescence of poly(3-alkylmethoxy-thiophene) single- and double-layer structures, Synth. Met., 111-112 187-189, 2000. 

T. Yamamoto and H. Hayashi, ir-Conjugated soluble and fluorescent poly(thiophene-2,5-diyl)s with phenolic, hindered phenolic and /j-C6H4OCH3 substituents. Preparation, optical properties, and redox reaction, J. Polym. Set, Part A Polym. Chem., 35 463-474, 1997. 

M. Boman and S. Stafstrom, Interpretation of anomalous absorption spectra. A theoretical study of the geometric, electronic and optical properties of poly[3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene], Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol., 256 705-710, 1994. 

Y. Li, G. Vamvounis, and S. Holdcroft, Tuning optical properties and enhancing solid-state emission of poly(thiophene)s by molecular control a postfunctionalization approach, Macromolecules, 35 6900-6906, 2002. 

K. Yoshino, K. Tada, and M. Onoda, Optical properties of poly(3,4-dialky 1-1,6-phenylene ethynylene), Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 33 L1785-L1788, 1994. 

T. Yamamoto, T. Murauyama, Z.-H. Zhou, T. Ito, T. Fukuda, Y. Yoneda, F. Begum, T. Ikeda, S. Sasaki, H. Takezoe, A. Fukuda, and K. Kubota, -ir-Conjugated poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl), poly(2,2 -bipyridine-5,5 -diyl), and their alkyl derivatives. Preparation, linear structure, function as a ligand to form their transition metal complexes, catalytic reactions, //-type electrically conducting properties, optical properties, and alignment on substrates, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116 4832-4845,... 

Another approach to CPL is the synthesis of conjugated polymers with intrinsic chiro-optical properties. A variety of polymers with CPPL have been synthesized so far. Most of them are based upon well-known conjugated polymers such as poly(thiophene)s [4,111], polyphenylene vinylene)s [123], poly(thienylene vinylene)s [124], ladder polymers [125], PPPs [126], polyphenylene ethynylene)s, [127] and poly(fluorenes) [128]. All of them have been modified with chiral side-chains, which induce the chiro-optical properties. 

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