Poly nitroaromatics

Hofstetter, T. B., C. G. Heijman, C. Holliger, and R. P. Schwarzenbach, Complete reduction of TNT and other (poly)nitroaromatic compounds under iron-reducing subsurface conditions , Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 1479-1487 (1999). 

Sensitivity with Structure of Organic High Explosives. II. Poly nitroaromatic Explosives , Pro-plnts Expls 4, 30-34 (1979) CA 91,59620 (1979) [For classes of expls with similar de-compn mechanisms, there appear to be statistically significant linear relationships (sensitivity/ composition trends) between logarithmic 50% impact heights and values of OB oq, a measure... 

Nitroaromatics can act as catalysts of some oxidation reactions, such as the oxidation of benzoin [110] and poly nitroaromatics in the oxidation of hindered phenols [111]. Russell and co-workers [112a,b] rationalized it in terms of radical ion reactions where the radical ion Ar NOT activates oxygen (27) ... 

In another approach, a fluorescent conjugated polymer was used as the material for the preparation of a chemosensor to detect 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its related nitroaromatic compounds. To this end, microparticles, made of three-dimensionally cross-linked poly(l,4-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) via emulsion polymerization, were synthesized [61]. This material was chosen due to its high fluorescence intensity and sensitivity to changes in its microenvironment. The chemosensor was exposed to vapour containing different amounts of TNT and quenching of the polymer luminescence at 560 nm was observed after excitation at 430 nm. The dependence of the fluorescence signal in response to the analyte was described by a modified Stem-Volmer equation that assumes the existence of two different cavity types. The authors proposed the modified Stem-Volmer equation as follows ... 

Pesticides, nitroaromatics, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons Direct injection of water [461, 462]... 

V.H. Williams H.R. Wright, USP 2407595 (1946) CA 41, 286(1947) [Powerful detonating expls composed of cryst poly nitric esters (such as PETN or HN-Mannitol), a nitroaromatic compd liquid at RT and NC with N content >11.8%]... 

Five poly(arylene phthalide ketones) including 286 and 287 were used to modify electrodes for the voltammetric determination of nitroaromatic mixtures. This has potential applications in the area of explosives detection <2005MI508>. 

A variety of porous materials can be used for analytical applications. For instance, layer-by-layer hlms assembled by alternate adsorption of mesoporous silica and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) onto glassy carbon electrode can be used for highly sensitive determination of ultratrace nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solution (Shi et al., 2007). 

Organic aerosols formed by gas-phase photochemical reactions of hydrocarbons, ozone, and nitrogen oxides have been identified in both urban and rural atmospheres (Grosjean, 1977). Most of these species are di- or poly-functionally substituted alkane derivatives. These compounds include aliphatic organic nitrates (Grosjean and Friendlander, 1975), di-carboxylic acids (adipic and glutaric acids) (O Brien et al., 1975), carboxylic acids derived from aromatic hydrocarbons (benzoic and phenylacetic acids), polysubstituted phenols, and nitroaromatics from aromatic hydrocarbons (Kawamuraet al., 1985 Satsumakayashi et al., 1989, 1990). Some species that have been identified in ambient aerosol and are be-... 

Poly(V-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) has been studied as a carrier for palladium in the hydrogenation of oleflns f and nitroaromatics, hydrodehalogenation of organic halides,f t and carbonylation of aUyl halides. - In these cases PVP mostly likely played the role of supporting in situ formed colloidal Pd, rather than that of a well-defined ligand. 

Nitroaromatics have been reductively converted into aryl carbamate with methanol under CO atmosphere catalyzed by palladium(II) anchored onto montmorillonite clay. Conversely, the same carbamates can also be obtained via oxidative carbonylation of amines with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a bimetallic catalyst PdCl2-MnCl2 supported on poly( V-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone).f ... 

Conjugated polymers are good sensing platforms for the detection of vapours of nitroaromatic explosives such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) [31]. Fluorescence quenching occurs due to electron transfer from the conjugated polymer to the nitroaromatic species. Common classes of CPs used in nitroaromatics sensing are poly(acetylenes), poly(p-phenylenevinylenes), poly(p-phenyleneethynylenes) and polysilanes. CP sensor platforms have been successfully deployed outside the laboratory for the detection of hidden landmines, where impressive femtogram detection limits for TNT were obtained [32]. 

Conformational studies on non-natural poly-a-aminoacids containing the nitroaromatic chromophore in the side-chain, and on derivatives of [L-Trp] and [L-His] showed that, in the presence of bulky substituents the side-chain chromophores cannot assume an ordered array around the a-helical backbone. This fact is probably responsible for the absence of strong perturbation from the side-chain chromophores in the amide CD absorption region. 

Research of Cancer (lARC), and the source of these compounds is manifold from several industries. The major use is in the poly-urethane production with possible emissions during production, use and disposal of such materials. A significant contribution to environmental distribution is the microbial reduction of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) of which more than 70 compounds are mass produced with more than 1000 mt per year. Until today, more than 30 aromatic amines have been identified as metabolites, also deriving from applied pesticides. 

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