Poly , methanol oxidation

Poly(ethylene oxide) associates in solution with certain electrolytes (48—52). For example, high molecular weight species of poly(ethylene oxide) readily dissolve in methanol that contains 0.5 wt % KI, although the resin does not remain in methanol solution at room temperature. This salting-in effect has been attributed to ion binding, which prevents coagulation in the nonsolvent. Complexes with electrolytes, in particular lithium salts, have received widespread attention on account of the potential for using these materials in a polymeric battery. The performance of soHd electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) in terms of ion transport and conductivity has been discussed (53—58). The use of complexes of poly(ethylene oxide) in analytical chemistry has also been reviewed (59). 

Methyl 2-methoxy-2-polyfluoroalkyl-2-fluoroacetates, generated from poly-fluoroalkyltrifluoroethylene oxides and methanol, give, on heating with concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid, methyl polyfluoroalkylglyoxylates [29] (equation 32). 

Wang H, Baltruschat H. 2007. DEMS study on methanol oxidation at poly- and monocrystalline platinum electrodes The effect of anion, temperature, surface structure, Ru adatom, and potential. J Phys Chem C 111 7038-7048. 

The drop of the voltammetric crurent is associated with Pt surface oxidation, and the drop on the negative-going mn is due to Reaction (12.9) (surface poisoning by CO) and the Tafehan kinetics of Reaction (12.8). Further, the shift between curves in Fig. 12.13a and b indicates that in the potential range between 0.5 and 0.6 V, methanol oxidation occms with zero or low level atop CO smface intermediate. The amplitudes on Fig. 12.13 on both scans nearly equal to each other indicate a high level of preferential (111) crystallographic orientation of the poly crystalline Pt surface used for this work, as inferred from data in [Adzic et al., 1982]. 

Poly(ethylene oxide) Water, toluene, DMF Methanol, diethyl ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons... 

Poly(phenylene oxide) Chloroform, chlorobenzene, toluene Methanol, ethanol... 

Methanol Oxidation at a Smooth Polished Poly cry stalline Platinum Electrode O 3.3—The Electrochemical Reduction of CO[sub(2)]... 

Intercalation of poly(ethylene oxide) into a lithium-ion exchanged clay gives an interesting class of layered silicate nanocomposites that are lithium-ion electrolytes. Componnds have been prepared by intercalation from methanol/water solutions and by melt intercalation. Melt intercalation typically gives samples with higher polymer contents than the solution method and with higher lithium-ion conductivity though the conductivity is probably stiU too low for practical applications. 

Poly(dihalophenylene oxide)s were synthesized by thermal decomposition of complexes (2 g) at constant temperature (70-250 °C) for a period of time over the range 3 18 h. The resulting solid was dissolved in a minimum amount of toluene, then poured into a large excess of methanol containing a few drops of HC1. 

Commercial poly(ethylene oxide) resins supplied in the molecular weight range 1X10 -5X10 are dry, free-flowing, white powders soluble in an unusually broad range of solvents. The resins are soluble in water at temperatures up to 98°C and also in a number of organic solvents, which include chlorinated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride and methylene chloride, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol. 

Poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide), commonly called poly(phenylene oxide) or PPO, was introduced commercially in 1964. PPO is manufactured by oxidation of 2,6-dimethyl phenol in solution using cuprous chloride and pyridine as catalyst. The monomer is obtained by the alkylation of phenol with methanol. End-group stabilization with acetic anhydride improves the oxidation resistance of PPO. 

L. M. Huang, W. R. Tang, and T.C. Wen, Spatially electrodeposited platinum in polyaniline doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) for methanol oxidation, J. Power Sources, 164, 519-526 (2007). 

K. Bouzek, KM. MaDgoId, and K. Jiittner, Electrocatalytic activity of platinum modified poly-pyrrole films for the methanol oxidation reaction, J. AppL Electrochem., 31, 501-507 (2001). 

S. Swathirajan and Y.M. Mikhail, Methanol oxidation on platinum-tin catalysts dispersed on poly(3-methylthiophene) conducting polymer, J. Electrochem. Soc., 139, 2105-2110 (1992). 

C.W. Kuo, L.M. Huang, T.C. Wen, and A. Gopalan, Enhanced electrocatalytic performance fro methanol oxidation of a novel Pt-dispersed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonic acid) electrode, J. Power Sources, 160, 65-72 (2006). 

P. Santhosh, A. Gopalan, T. Vasudevan, and K.P. Lee, Platinum particles dispersed poly (diphenylamine) modified electrode for methanol oxidation, Appl. Surf. Sci., 252,7964—7969 (2006). 

Another kind of TFC NF membrane was studied by Hamza et al. [5] using AFM. Membranes were prepared by applying a thin coat of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) solution to a porous substrate poly(ether sulfone), followed by solvent evaporation. Mixtures of chloroform/methanol with different ratios were used as solvents. The authors reported that the nodule size decreased with an increase in chloroform concentration in the solvent mixture. In the separation experiment of sodium chloride solute, the flux decreased from 11 to less than 2 x 10 m m s as the chloroform concentration increased from 0 to 66%. Thus, the decrease in flux parallels the decrease in the nodule size. Although they did not report the surface roughness. 

Ma CCM, Hsiao YH, Lin YF, Yen CY, Uao SH, Weng CC, Yen MY, Hsiao MC, Weng FB (2008) Effect and properties of various molecular weights of poly(propylene oxide) oligomers/Nafion acid-base blend membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. J Power Sources... 

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