Poly chlorosulfonated

The most common way to modify aromatic polymers for application as a PEM is to employ electrophilic aromatic sulfonation. Aromatic polymers are easily sulfonated using concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or sulfur trioxide (or complexs thereof). Postmodification reactions are usually restricted due to their lack of precise control over the degree and location of functionalization, the possibility of side reactions, or degradation of the polymer backbone. Regardless, this area of PEM synthesis has received much attention and may be the source of emerging products such as sulfonated Victrex poly (ether ether ketone). 

Kobayashi et al. reported sulfonation of poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) (PPBP) with sulfuric acid and compared the data with those of sulfonated PEEK. As reported, the authors employed sulfuric acid for the sulfonation reaction to avoid or at least minimize degradation of the polymer by chlorosulfonic acid or fuming sulfuric acid (Figure 27). 

Solutions of poly(l,4-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole), PBT, exhibit an isotropic to nematic phase transition in a variety of solvents including methane sulfonic acid, MSA, chlorosulfonic acid, CSA, and poly phosphoric acid, PPA (1-4). In the latter case the transition occurs over a range of water -P2O5 compositions. In these acids the polymer, with repeating unit... 

Heat resistance -of CSM [ELASTOMERS, SYNTHETIC - CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE] (Vol 8) -of ethylene-acrylic elastomers [ELASTOMERS, SYNTHETIC - ETHYLENE-ACRYLIC ELASTOMERS] (Vol 8) -offluorosihcones [FLUORINECOMPOUNDS,ORGANIC - POLY(FLUOROSILICONES)] (Volll)... 

Examples are the sulfonating of polyethylene film with chloro-sulfonic acid (60) the sulfonating of sheets of phenolformaldehyde resin (77) the treatment of a film consisting of polystyrene and polyvinylchloride with concentrated sulfuric acid (4) the sulfonating of films consisting of aliphatic vinylpolymers with chlorosulfonic acid (125) the sulfonating of copolymers of a monovinyl- and a polyvinyl compound (30). Also are used copolymers of aromatic monovinyl-compounds and linear aliphatic polyene hydrocarbons (3) copolymers of an unsaturated aromatic compound and an unsaturated aliphatic compound (76), and of reaction products of poly olefines and partially polymerized styrene (173). 

Chlorinated, sulfonated, chlorosulfonated or epoxidized polymers, homopolymers and copolymers of functionalized monomers, e.g. poly(methacryl aldehyde), poly(2,3-epoxypropyl acrylate), poly(4-vinylphenol), poly(propylene-co-10-unde-cene-l-ol), poly(butadiene-co-methacryl aldehyde), poly(butadiene-co-acrylic acid), poly(ethylene-co-alkyl acrylate), poly(alkyl acrylate-co-2,3-epoxypropyl acrylate), poly(alkyl acrylate-co-maleic anhydride), poly(styrene-co-4-vinylbenzyl chloride)... 

Pyrolysis products of chlorinated polyethylene contain molecules similar to those found in polyethylene pyrolysates and, in addition, compounds similar to that obtained from vinyl chloride (significant amount of HCI). Chlorosulfonated polyethylene typically contains only about 1.5% sulfur, but sulfur-containing compounds such as SO2 can be detected among its pyrolysis products. The distribution of chlorine atoms in chlorinated polyethylene has been investigated using Py-GC [55, 56]. The polymer was considered equivalent with a terpoiymer poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl chloride)-co-(1,2-dichloroethylene)]. The level of specific degradation products such as aromatic molecules (benzene + toluene + styrene + naphthalene), chlorobenzene, and dichlorobenzenes correlates well with the carbon/chlorine ratio in the polymer. 

A method for the preparation of organosilicon sulphoacids without the necessity for synthesis of a monomer with HSO3 groups was also described [23-25]. It consisted of oxidation of pre-synthesized PMPS by potassium permanganate or the treatment of poly(phenyl-benzyl-2- phenylethyl)siloxanes by chlorosulfonic acid with - CHCI3 as a solvent. 

C2H4-C2H3C1- C2H3C102S poly(ethylene) chlorosulfonated 90... 

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