Poly -chitosan grafts

Ohya et al. reported poly(ethyleneglycol)-grafted chitosan nanoparticles as peptide drug carriers. The incorporation and release of insulin was dependent on the extent of the reaction of poly(ethyleneglycol) with chitosan [190]. 

Jiang H-L, Kwon J-T, Kim E-M et al (2008) Galactosylated poly(ethylene glycol)-chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine as a gene carrier for hepatocyte-targeting. J Control Release 131 (2) 150-157... 

Keywords Chitosan Graft copolymers Poly(ethylene oxide) Polymer brushes Surface forces... 

Grafts of poly(NIPAAm) have also been used to impart temperature responsive behavior to natural biomaterials for drug delivery, converting them into physically crosslinking hydrogels above the LCST of the poly(NIPAAm) portions. For example, poly(NIPAAm) grafted onto hyaluronic acid formed a gel upon injection which had a 12-hour burst release of riboflavin followed by sustained release (Ha et al. 2006). Similarly, chitosan with grafted poly(NIPAAm) was shown to release 5-fluorouracil at a controlled rate (J.W. Bae et al. 2006). 

Chen, J. P. Cheng, T. H. (2006) Thermo-responsive chitosan-graft-poly(iV-isopropylacrylamide) injectable hydrogel for cultivation of chondrocytes and meniscus cells. Macromol Biosci, 6, 1026-39. 

Arica, M. Y. Yilmaz, M. Bayramoglu, G. (2007). Chitosan-grafted poly(hydroxyethyl... 

Kajjari, P B., Manjeshwar L. S., andAminabhavi, T. M. Novel interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel microspheres of chitosan and poly(acrylamide)-grafted-guar gum for controlled release of ciprofloxacin. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50, 13280-13287 (2011). 

Synthesis and Derivatization of Chitosan/Poly(ethylenimine) Graft Copolymers...71... 

Figure 10.6 (a) Schematic representation of the encapsulation and lysozyme release mechanism from carboxymethyl chitosan-grafted-poly(amidoamine) (CM-chitosan-PAMAM)/ lysozyme polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles, (b) Schematic representation of synthesis and self-assembling for CM-chitosan-PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles, and the encapsulation and lysozyme release mechanism from CM-chitosan-PAMAM/lysozyme PIC nanoparticles. Reprinted from X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Wen, C. Zhu.J. Yang, F. Yao, Carboxymethyl chitosan-poly(amidoamme) dendrimer core-shell nanoparticles for intracellular lysozyme dehvery, Carhohydrate Polymers 98 (2013) 1326-1334. Copyright (2013), with permission from Elsevier. 

Li J, Kong M, Cheng XJ, Dang QF, Zhou X, Wei YN, Chen XG. Preparation of biocompatible chitosan grafted poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol. 2012 51(3) 221-7. 

Carboxylated chitosan-grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles Insuhn dehvery [22]... 

F. Cui, E Qian, Z. Zhao, L. Yin, C. Tang, and C. Yin, Preparation, characterization, and oral delivery of insuhn loaded carboxylated chitosan grafted poly (methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules, 10 (5), 1253-1258, 2009. 

In an experiment, optimum sample of chitosan graft-poly(methylmethacrylate) having 160%G was synthesized under 80% (960 W) microwave power using 17 x lO M (MMA) and 0.1 g chitosan (dissolved in 5% aqueous HCOOH) in 2 min (in absence of any initiator and/or catalyst) (Singh et al, 2006). The %G in this microwave initiated copolymer synthesis was much higher than that obtained (105%G) in a K S OJ... 

Prabaharan, M., Grailer, J. J., Steeber, D. A., Gong, S. (2008). Stimuli-responsive chitosan-graft-poly(A-vinylcaprolactam) as a promising material for controlled hydrophobic dmg dehvery. Macromolecular Bioscience, 8, 843-851. 

A similar methodology was applied by Xiang et al. (2009) for the synthesis of chitosan grafted with poly(L-tryptophan) chains (Scheme 15.22). Deacetylated chitosan (deacetylation degree of amino groups 75%) was employed as a multifunctional macroinitiator for the polymerization of the L-tryptophan-NCA in ethyl acetate solutions leading to the synthesis of chitosan-g-poly(L-tryptophan) graft copolymers. The products were analyzed by NMR and IR spectroscopy. 

Spagnola, C., Rodriguesa, F. H. A., Pereira, A. G. B., Fajardoa, A. R., Rubiraa,A. F., Muniz, E. C. Superabsorbent hydrogel composite made of cellulose nanofibrils and chitosan-graft-poly(acrylic acid). Carbohydrate Polymers 2012, 87,2038-2045. 

Park IK, Kim TH, Park YH et al (2001) Galactosylated chitosan-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) as hepatocyte-targeting DNA carrier. J Crartrol Release 76 349—362... 

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