Poly butylene succinate

The s)mthesis of PBSU can be achieved by using microwaves. 1,3-Dichloro-l,l,3,3-tetrabutyldistannoxane is used as a catalyst (29). 

Optimally, a polymer with a weight average molecular weight of 23. k D was obtained within 20 min. 

A wide variety of butylene succinate containing copolymers have been described. Comonomer units are butylene adipate (30,31), or ethylene terephthalate (32). 

Candida cylindracea lipase was used for biodegradation at a temperature of 30°C. The homopolymers do not show any significant weight loss. This occurs probably due the high degree of crys- 

When hexamethylene diisocyanate is used as a chain extender, high molecular weight polyesters can be obtained. The chain extension reaction results in a significant increase of polyester the molecular weight and also in an increased tensile strength. The rate of biodegradation is rather affected by the crystallinity, rather than by the molar mass. 

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Bionolle PBSU poly(butylene succinate) Bionolle PESU poly(ethylene succinate), ref. 110. eEastar Bio poly(tetramethylene adipate-co-terephthalate), ref. 457. 

PBSA Poly(butylene succinate/adipate) PBT Poly(butylene terephthalate)... 

Bionolle is an aliphatic polyester as shown in Fig. 2. We have two grades for Bionolle poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate/adipate) (PBSA), the copolymer of 1,4-butandiol and succinic acid/adipic acid. We call PBS the 1000 series, and PBSA the 3000 series. PBSA with higher adipic acid content is the 5000 series. 

PEA=poly(ethylene adipate) PBS=poly(butylene succinate), D=octyl branches and B=ethyl branches the numerals indicate mol % of branches in the copolymer Data adapted from [172]... 

In the poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites reported by Shih et al. (34), storage modulus increased with increasing the content... 

It was found meanwhile that nearly every slim unbranched polymer chain, such as poly(trimethylene oxide) [224], poly(l,3-dioxolane) [225], poly(tetramethylene oxide) [226], polyethylene imine) [227], poly(3-hydroxy propionate), poly (4-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(6-hydroxyhexanoate) [228,229], poly(butylene succinate) [229], polyadipates [230], nylon-6 [231], and even oligomers of polyethylene [232], form a-CD ICs with channel structures. In all of these cases, inclusion is a heterogeneous process, since the guest polymer and its CD complex are almost insoluble in water. Therefore, extensive sonication had to be applied to accelerate the diffusion process. The polymer was also dissolved in an organic solvent, e.g., nylon-6 in formic acid, and this solution was added to the solution of a-CD [231], Alternatively, a monomer, such as 11-aminoundecanoic acid, was included in a-CD and polymerized to nylon-11 by solid state polycondensation within the channels of the IC. Thus, the IC of nylon-11 was formed under conservation of the crystal packing [233-235],... 

I, 4-butanediol formed during hydrolysis of poly(butylene adipate) and poly(butylene succinate),/. Chromatogr. A, 1022(1-2), 171-177. 

Yang, J. Hao, Q. Liu, X. Ba, C. Cao, A. Novel biodegradable aliphatic poly(butylene succinate-co-cyclic carbonate)s with functionalizable carbonate building blocks. 1. Chemical synthesis and their structural and physical characterization. Biomacromolecules 2004, 5 (1), 209-218. 

ALP alkaline phosphatase, Cht chitosan, DPM direct polymer melt, HDMECs human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, nHA nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite, PBS poly(butylene succinate), PCL poly(e-caprolactone), PGA poly (glycolic acid), PLA Poly(lactic acid), PLGA poIy(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLCL poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone)... 

Lee and Wang [80] investigated the effects of lysine-based diisocyanate (LDI) as a coupling agent on the properties of biocomposites from PLA, poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and bamboo fiber (BF). They observed that the tensile properties, water resistance, and interfacial adhesion of both PLA/BF and PBS/BF composites were improved by the addition of LDI, but thermal flow [81] was hindered due to cross-linking between polymer matrix and BF. Enzymatic biodegradability of... 

Fig. 6 Comparison of weight loss and the amoimt of monomeric hydrolysis products, i.e. 1,4-butanedion and succinic acid, resulting from the hydrolysis of poly(butylene succinate) shows further hydrolysis of oligomeric hydrolysis products. Reprinted from [131] with permission of Elsevier. Elsevier (2004)...

Enzymatic hydrolysis of PBS and poly(butylene succinate-co-lactate) (PBSL) by hpase Pseudomonas cepacia gave 4-hydroxybutyl succinate as the main hydrolysis product with traces of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol as well as lactic acid in the case of PBSL [135]. hi addition, the hydrolysis rate of the carboxyl end-capped PBS was much slower than that of the original or hydroxyl end-capped PBS indicating preferential exo-type chain scission from the carboxyl terminus. Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene sebacate) and... 

The phase separation of reactants hindered attempts to carry out lipase-catalyzed synthesis of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) from succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol via dehydration. Therefore, in order to obtain a monophasic reaction mixture, dimethyl succinate was used in place of succinic acid. [49] The reaction mixture remained monophasic during the reaction course, and after 21 h at 95 °C PBS with M of 38000 was obtained. 

The synthesis of aliphatic poly(carbonate-co-ester)s with about 1 1 molar ratio of the ester-to-carbonate repeat units was reported by CALB-catalyzed transesterification among diethyl carbonate, a diester, and a diol. Molecular weight Mw values reached 59000 at a reaction temperature of 90 °C. A carbonate-ester transesterification reaction between poly(butylene carbonate) and poly(butylene succinate) was also catalyzed by CALB at 95 °C to result in a block copolymer [57]. 

Azim, H., Dekhterman, A., Jiang, Z., and Gross, R.A. (2006) Candida antarctica lipase B-catalyzed synthesis of poly(butylene succinate) shorter chain building blocks also work. Biomacromolecules, 7 (11), 3093-3097. 

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