Pollution prevention modeling

The Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) has developed a series of methods, databases, and predictive models to help in evaluating what happens to chemicals when they are used and released into the environment. These tools are intended to be used by scientists and engineers famihar with exposure assessment principles. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (2011) Methodology document for the ecological Structure-Activity Relationship Model (ECOSAR) Class Program MS-Windows Version 1.1 Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC. http //www.epa.gov/ oppt/newchems/tools/ecosartechfinal.pdf. Accessed 09 Mar 2012... 

Also, in the 1990s, the Environmental Protection Agency began to focus on pollution prevention. The idea was to cut pollution using natural ecosystems as a model. Industrial systems should not be open-ended, dumping endless byproducts, but closed, as nature is, continuously cycling and recyling. This concept includes life cycle assessment (LCA) which considers ... 

Another model, used in the USA, is the OASYS Pollution Prevention Optional Analysis System, developed by the Toxic Use Reduction Institute. Technologies are assessed on a variety of hazard criteria, including acute and chronic human toxicity, physical properties, aquatic impacts, persistence/bioaccumulation, atmospheric releases, disposal, chemical properties, energy/resource use, product hazard and exposure potential. Alternatives are rated to... 

The US-EPA s Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) uses a tiered approach to exposure assessment (US-EPA 2007a). Exposure assessments may use measured data or model estimates. Representative measured data of known quahty are preferred over model estimates and are needed to vahdate and improve models. The US-EPA Guidelines for Exposure Assessment... 

In the United States a comprehensive document has been pubhshed by the EPA [25] outlining Best Available Treatment options and the regulatory treatment of effluents arising from pharmaceutical manufacture. However, the most comprehensive control system is currently that provided in the EU by the Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control [26], and this is becoming a model for the development of similar legislation across the world. 

The USEPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) (Q)SAR Analysis Methods Branch assesses the model domain for ecotoxicity (Q)SAR determined by structural attributes used to predict toxicity. For example, the domain for molecular... 

The Multi-Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM), Version 2.4, was developed by GEOMET Technologies, Inc., for the USEPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. It has been designed to estimate indoor concentrations for chemicals released in residences (GEOMET, 1995). It has the... 

The EPI Suite is a collection of QSAR models for physical chemical and toxicity endpoint developed by the EPA s office of Pollution Prevention Toxics and Syracuse Research Corporation (EPI 2000). 

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