Pollution marine organisms

Keywords heavy metals organic pollutants marine organisms 1. Introduction... 

Much attention has been given in recent years to the environmental aspects of both the drilling operation and the drilling fluid components. Well-deserved concern with the possibility of polluting underground water supplies and of damaging marine organisms, as well as with the more readily observed effects on soil productivity and surface water quality, has stimulated widespread studies on this subject. 

Dickson AG, Riley JP. 1976. The distribution of short-chain halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in some marine organisms. Mar Pollut Bull 7 167-169. 

Gossett RW, Brown DA, Young DR. 1983. Predicting the bioaccumulation of organic compounds in marine organisms using octanol/water partition coefficients. Mar Pollut Bull 14 387-392. 

In the following chapter model refinements are described and compared with the setup used by Gughelmo (2008). The focus is given on the represention of marine organic matter. In a sensitivity study the impact of organic matter on long-range transport is explored. Additionally, a study is included that clarifies the relative importance of sea surface temperature, wind speed, and pollutant concentration for volatilisation of DDT from the ocean. 

Meams, A.J. and D.R. Young. 1977. Chromium in the southern California marine environment. Pages 125-142 in C.S. Giam (ed.). Pollutant Effects on Marine Organisms. D.C. Heath, Lexington, MA. 

Montgomery, J.R., M. Price, J. Thurston, G.L. de Castro, L.L. Cruz, and D.D. Zimmerman. 1978. Biological availability of pollutants to marine organisms. U.S. Environ. Protection Agen. Rep. 600/3-78-035. 134 pp. Mora, M.A. and D.W. Anderson. 1995. Selenium, boron, and heavy metals in birds from the Mexicali Valley, Baja California, Mexico. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 54 198-206. 

Marchetti, R. 1978. Acute toxicity of alkyl leads to some marine organisms. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 9 206-20. 

Thurberg, F.P., A. Calabrese, and M.A. Dawson. 1974. Effects of silver on oxygen consumption of bivalves at various salinities. Pages 67-78 in F.J. Vemberg and W.B. Vemberg (eds.). Pollution and Physiology of Marine Organisms. Academic Press, NY. 

Kawano, M., S. Matsushita, T. Inoue, H. Tanaka, and R. Tatsukawa. 1986. Biological accumulation of chlordane compounds in marine organisms from the northern North Pacific and Bering Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 17 512-516. 

Maher, W.A. 1983. Selenium in marine organisms from St. Vincent s Gulf, South Australia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 

International Marine Organization (IMO) Marine Pollution Treaty (MARPOL), sulfur limit by, 23 589 International Microwave Power Institute (IMPI), 16 510... 

P.D. Abel and V. Axiak, Measuring the toxicity of pollutants to marine organisms, In E. Horwood (Ed.), Ecotoxicology and the Marine Environment, Chichester, 1991, p. 103. 

Katranitsas, A., Castritsi-Catharios, J., Persoone, G. The effects of copper-based antifouling paint on mortality and enzymatic activity of a non-target marine organism. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46 (2003), 1491-1494... 

In studies of the fate of hydrocarbons in terrestrial animals, considerable attention is directed toward relations between aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism, interactions of metabolites with macromolecules (e.g., DNA), and the formation of neoplastic lesions (] ). A broad perspective exists in studies with marine organisms. In the aquatic forms, exposure to pollutants that are rich in aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum, leads to a wide variety of acute and chronic effects (2J. Attempts to delineate these effects require an understanding of the accumulation of the xenobiotics in tissues and an assessment of metabolite formation and retention. The important additional problem of the interaction of metabolites with genetic materials has not been studied to an appreciable degree in marine life. 

Baumard, R Budzinski, H. Garrigues, R Sorbe, J.C. Burgeot, T. Bellocq, J. 1998b, Concentrations of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in various marine organisms in relation to those in sediments and to trophic level. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 36 951-960. 

Spangenberg DB. 1984. Use of the Aurelia metamorphosis test system to detect subtle effects of selected hydrocarbons and petroleum oil. In 2nd International symposium on responses of marine organisms to pollutants, Woods Hole, Mass., USA, Apr. 27-29, 1983. Mar Environ Res 14(1-4) 281-304. 

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