Pollution China

Objectors to Kyoto say it is based on questional science and would damage the U.S. economy. It exempts two of the world s biggest polluters, China and India, which together produce about as much C02 as the United States. 

In a relatively small continental area such as Europe, there is not much difference between what would be considered the regional scale and the continental scale. However, on most other continents there would be a difference between what is considered regional and what continental. Perhaps of greatest concern on the continental scale is that the air pollution policies of a nation are likely to create impacts on neighboring nations. Acid rain in Scandanavia has been considered to have had impacts from Great Britain and Western Europe. Japan has considered that part of their air pollution problem, especially in the western part of the country, has origins in China and Korea. Cooperation in the examination of the North American acid rain problem has existed for a long time between Canada and the United States. 

China, in addition to ratifying the Basel Convention, has a 2002 law banning hazardous waste imports. In 2005, the Management Measure for the Prevention of Pollution from Electronic Products became effective. It has been referred to as China s RoHS, specifying limits on materials similar to the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances directive. A new waste disposal law enacted in 2009, Regulations for the Administration of the Recovery and Disposal of Electric and... 

Li Y, Huo X, Liu J, Peng L, Li W, Xu X (2010) Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China. Environ Monit Assess 177 343-351... 

Mass Emissions of Pollutants from E-Waste Processed in China and Human Exposure Assessment... 

Keywords China, Electronic waste (e-waste), Human exposure, Mass emission, Pollutant... 

Mass Emissions of Organic Pollutants from E-Waste in China. 295... 

Because causation of e-waste and pollutants is very difficult to identify as mentioned above, comparative analysis between e-waste and non-e-waste sites is a suitable choice for identifying the environmental impacts from e-waste recycling processes. To achieve this goal, we chose several typical e-waste recycling sites in China as the target regions to conduct comparative analyses. Data acquired from various environmental media near several major e-waste recycling sites and control sites in China were subject to comparative analysis. 

Fig. 2 Abridged general view of environmental and human exposure to e-waste-derived pollutants in China...

Surface dust from e-waste sites also contained enriched metals. Elevated mean concentrations of heavy metals, such as Pb (52,770 mg/kg), Cu (13,400 mg/kg), Zn (5,080 mg/kg), and Ni (605 mg/kg), were found in surface dust collected from e-waste recycling workshops in Guiyu (Table 2) [14]. The mean concentration of Pb (52,770 mg/kg) was 29 times higher than that in floor dust samples from printer circuit board component separation workshops in East Delhi, India. This may indicate that Pb pollution in e-waste sites of China was much more serious than... 

Based on the values of Cpcdd/fs [46], Ccipahs [38], and CBfrs in e-waste, the annual mass emissions of selected PCDD/F and C1PAH congeners and BFRs from e-waste are estimated (Table 3). The lowest annual mass emission of PBDEs is about 82,207 tons/year, with 70,607 tons/year from importation and 11,600 tons/ year from domestic generation (Table 3). Nona- and deca-BDEs are the most important congeners as they are the major constituents of BRFs in electronic equipment [77]. In addition, the annual mass emissions of PBBs, TBBPA, and PBPs are also estimated with the same procedure (Table 3). Obviously, importation is responsible for the majority of annual mass emissions of e-waste-derived organic pollutants in China (Table 3). 

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