Polarograph literature

Chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has probably received more attention in the polarographic literature than any other pharmaceutical. The aromatic nitro group is quite easily reduced. Studies [76] employing polarog-raphy, cyclic voltammetry, and constant-potential coulometry have suggested that... 

It is noteworthy that much of the polarographic literature is tabulated on the basis of Eq. (3.12). In spite of this almost all modem recording polarographs use potentiometric stripchart recorders, which have time constants such that die maximum of the polarographic oscillations is the instantaneous current. Furthermore, the mode of response of a potentiometric recorder is such that... 

DMSO has recently proved to be a popular solvent for polarographic measurements. " Much of the polarographic literature has been reviewed by Butler and by Takahashi. Burrus has studied the complex equilibria... 

The value of App at i = iJ2 is termed the half-wave potential, 1/2 (voltammograms are also called waves in the polarographic literature). The quantity E1/2 is closely related to the formal and standard redox potentials for a given compound and in this case it identifies the oxidation as that of DA. More detailed quantitative treatments of forced convection... 

Anon., "Bibliography of Polarographic Literature 1922-1967," Sargent-Welch Scientific Co., Skokie, USA (1969). 

ELECTROLYSIS VESSELS A great number of different vessels for general and special purposes are described in the polarographic literature. Some examples of simple vessels are given in this chapter. 

Leeds Northrop Co., Philadelphia, Bibliography of the polarized dropping mercury electrode (1941) (1943) Bibliography of polarographic literature (E-90/1), p. 102 (1955). 

The term reversible reaction is often found in polarographic literature. This may have one of two meanings. It may mean, as in ordinary kinetics, a reaction which can be made to go in either direction, or it may mean that the reaction is both reversible (kinetically) and very, very rapid. The argument is as follows when an electrode reaction is so rapid that the technique used for measurement is too slow to give kinetic information, the reaction is virtually at equilibrium and equilibrium methods, i.e. thermodynamics and the Nernst equation, can be used to describe it. Since the current at any potential is proportional to the difference in concentration between the bulk and the electrode surface, we can write... 

Despite the results from various experiments such as transference number measurements, polarographic studies, spectroscopic measurements, and dielectric relaxation studies in addition to conductivity measurements, unilateral triple-ions remain a matter of debate. For experimental examples and other hypotheses for the interpretation of conductance minima the reader is referred to Ref. [15] and the literature cited there. 

The development and the very widespread use of the polarographic technique to record i-E curves and the more recent designing of electronic devices known as potentiostats which automatically control the potential of the working electrode at a pre-set value has led to many examples in the literature of organic electrode reactions whose products depend on the potential. Some examples are cited below ... 

The observed complexity of the Se(IV) electrochemistry due to adsorption layers, formation of surface compounds, coupled chemical reactions, lack of electroactivity of reduction products, and other interrelated factors has been discussed extensively. Zuman and Somer [31] have provided a thorough literature-based review with almost 170 references on the complex polarographic and voltammetric behavior of Se(-i-IV) (selenous acid), including the acid-base properties, salt and complex formation, chemical reduction and reaction with organic and inorganic... 

The results from polarographic investigation may be found in the literature, where a reproduction of the experimental curves (e.g., Fig. 10, p. 308), a graphical plot of the half-wave potentials and the limiting currents as a function of pH (e.g., Figs. 2 and 3), or a table gives the required data. Reviews of polarographic papers appear every second year.37-39... 

The reader will find a systematic treatment based on older literature in the book by Bfezina and Zuman [3] or in a shorter version (in German) in a review [187]. More recent reviews present later development in a brief form [188]. If one is interested in the problems of polarographic activity of organic compounds, in pru ticular in mechanisms, Perrin s review [198] should be consulted. More details about polarography of heterocyclics are to be found in a specialised review chapter [6]. A vast quantity of material about organic electrochemistry are contained in a recent book [188a]. 

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