Plug potentials

Plugging potential is related to the complexity of the design. Mixers having streamlined shape elements, such as the Kenics or the simple two-blade design of the Ross LLPD and LPD, are less apt to plug than the more complex Koch or Sulzer SMX and SMXL mixers. Removable mixer elements are preferred over welded-in-place designs for ease of cleaning or modification. 

Moreover, the same model with identical geometrical parameters also gives a fair quantitative prediction of plug potentials (i.e. electrical potential differences between two calomel electrodes in NaCl-solutions of different concentrations separated by the plug) and of the variation of the apparent dielectric constant and the conductivity of the heterogeneous columns at radiofrequencies, as discussed in the following. 

Streaming potentials, like other electrokinetic effects, are difficult to measure reproducibly. One means involves forcing a liquid under pressure through a porous plug or capillary and measuring E by means of electrodes in the solution on either side [6, 23, 71-73]. 

A more advanced mirror approach involving multicells, called the tandem mirror, has been studied as a means to overcome the leakage problem. One way to view the tandem mirror is as a long uniform magnetic solenoid with two single-cell mirrors installed at the ends to electrostatically plug the device. Plasma end losses ate impeded by electrostatic potentials developed by the plasma as the electrons and ions attempt to leave the device at different rates. 

Organic chloride and cycle diluent specifications are less critical since the flows are significantly less. The organic chloride specifications must prevent gross contamination as weU as the potential of soHds that would lead to plugging. The cycle diluent must also be free of gross contamination as weU as significant catalyst poisons such as sulfur (170). 

Despite their potential for increased collec tion efficiency, fiber-bed scrubbers have had only limited commercial acceptance for dust collec tion because of their tendency to become plugged. Their principal use has been in small units such as engine-intake-air cleaners, for which it is feasible to remove the fiber bed for cleaning at frequent intervals. 

Material solidifies Monitor and control temperature in feed system or is too viscous, Heat trace and/or insulate lines and plugs lines. Potential for proper line break procedures exposure while Use personal protective equipment (PPE) correcting, proper lockout-tagout and confined space problem. entry procedures CCPS G-23 CCPS G-29 Fisher 1990... 

Potential for Plugging the Containment Sump When Recirculation Is Needed transient material and equipment are brought into containment during shutdown. This could increase the potential for plugging the containment sump if an accident requiring recirculation from the containment sump occurs,... 

Will all issues be covered by the new processes Most PSM and ESH programs evolved over a large number of years. Gaps were found and plugged. There is a natural concern that designing new processes will result in gaps that may expose the company to potential liabilities. 

Fig. 1.21 Concentration cell in which flAg+.il < Ag+.i that charge transfer occurs spontaneously and proceeds until the activities are equal (fj is the liquid junction potential at the sintered glass plug that is used to minimise mixing of the two solutions)...

The principle reference electrodes used in the onshore and offshore industries have remained unchanged. The CU/CUSO4 cell is used almost exclusively onshore in the form based on the plastic tube and porous wooden plug illustrated in Fig. 10.40, although certain potential survey instruments have... 

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