Playfair, Lyon

Playfair, Lyon, 165 Poggendorff, Johann Christian, 24, 44 Poincare, Henri, 72 Poisson, Denis, 264... 

I. Playfair, Lyon andn Joule, J. P. Researches on Atomic Vottume and Specific Gravity. 

Pickwick, 74 Planets, 43, 45 Plastics, 191 Plato, 9, 164 Playfair, Lyon, 177 Pneumatic trough, 135 Poisson, 73 Poland, xvu, 88 Polarised light, 183. 195 Polycyclic molecules, 182 Pompeii, 11 Pota ium, 147 Prague, 64... 

Frankland provides an early link between London and Manchester chemistry and between British and Continental chemistry. He was the first professor of chemistry at Owens College, in 1851. He had studied with Lyon Playfair at the Royal School of Mines in London, where he became fast friends with the young German student Hermann Kolbe. Frankland went with Kolbe to... 

Dalton died on July 17, 1844, after suffering yet another stroke, and Manchester staged an elaborate funeral. According to the chemist Lyon Playfair, When Dalton died. . . Manchester gave him the honours of a king. His body lay in state and his funeral was like that... 

Miles, W.D. (1957a). Admiral Cochrane s plans for chemical warfare. Armed F orcei C/zemical Toumal 11(6) 22. Miles, W.D. (1957b). The chemical shells of Lyon Playfair. Armed Forces Chemical Journal 11(6) 23. Miles, W.D. (1958a). The velvet-lined gas mask of John Stenhouse. Armed Forces Chemical Journal 12(3) 25. Miles, W.D. (1958b). Chemical warfare in the civil war. Armed Forces Chemical Journal 12(2) 26-27, 33. Miles, W.D. (1959). Suffocating smoke at Petersburg. Armed Forced Chemical Journal 13(4) 35. 

Von Liebig, Justus Organic chemistry in its applications to agriculture and physiology Lyon Playfair (Ed),... 

During the Crimean War, there were several proposals to initiate chemical warfare to assist the Allies, particularly to solve the stalemate during the siege of Sevastopol. In 1854, Lyon Playfair, a British chemist, proposed a cacodyl cyanide artillery shell for use primarily against enemy ships. The British Ordnance Department rejected the proposal as bad a mode of warfare as poisoning the wells of the enemy. 4(p22) Playfair s response outlined a different concept, which was used to justify chemical warfare into the next century ... 

As to the moral question of using chemical weapons, he echoed the sentiments of Lyon Playfair a decade earlier ... 

Some 30 years later, during the Crimean War of 1854, Sir Lyon Playfair, a noted British chemist, proposed the use of cyanide-filled shells against the Russian fort at Sebastapol. The War Office rejected the idea, stating that it was as bad as poisoning the enemy s water supply. 8(p23) Playfair was appalled by that decision and made an interesting prophecy ... 

Miles WD. Part II The chemical shells of Lyon Playfair (1854). Armed Forces Chemical Journal. 1957 11 23, 40. 

Armytage, NaturCy 1948, clxi, 752 Harden, DNB, 1901, Suppl. iii, 270 Miller, jf. Chem, Soc.y 1867, XX, 395 Norrish, y. Roy. Soc. ArtSy 1951, xcix, 537-48 Wemyss Reid, Memoirs and Correspondence of Lyon Playfair y Lord Playfair of St. Andrews y 1899. 

Lecture (Imperial College, 1936) W. H. Perkin senr., J. Chem. Soc.y 1896, Ixix, 575 (dye industry) Lyon Playfair, ih.y 575 (establishment of Royal College of Chemist ) Volhard and E. Fischer, Ber.y 1902, xxxv, Sonderheft (youthful portr.) W. Will, ih.y 1918, li, 1693. 

The name paraffins was proposed for the hydrocarbons CnH2n+2 by H. Watts. Pentane was isolated from cannel-coal naphtha by Schorlemmer, who obtained hexane and heptane from the same source and from Pennsylvanian petroleum. T. E. Thorpe obtained heptane from another natural source. Hexane was obtained from cannel distillate by C. G. Williams, who thought it was free propyl. Octane and tetramethylethane (di-isopropyl) were synthesised by Schorlemmer. A spring of petroleum was first discovered in a disused coal mine by Lyon Playfair about 1847 and was worked by J. Young for three years, when it was exhausted. Young then began to manufacture paraffin from boghead coal (see p. 401). Petroleum was first obtained in Pennsylvania in 1859. ... 

Phil. Mag.y 1841, xviii, 308 the paper was read to the Royal Society by Faraday in 1840 but only this very brief summary was published in Proc. Roy. Soc., 1843, iv, 280 (17 December 1840) Joule, Scientific Papersy 1884, i> 59 The referee of the paper, it is said, was Wheatstone Weymss Reid, Memoirs and Correspondence of Lyon Playfair 1899, 74. 

W. D. Miles, I. Admiral Cochrane s Plans for Chemical Warfare II The Chemical Shells of Lyon Playfair , Ar/ncd Forces Chemical Journal, vol. 11, no. 6 (1957) pp. 22-3, 40 and The Idea of Chemical Warfare in Modem Times , Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 31 (April-June 1970) pp. 300-3 C. Lloyd, Lord Cochrane Seaman - Radical - Liberator (London Longman, 1947) pp. 105 ff and J. B. Poole, A Sword Undrawn Chemical Warfare and the Victorian Age, Part 1 , The Army Quarterly and Defence Journal, vol. 106, no. 4 (October 1976) pp. 463-9. 

This close relationship between maker and customer was fostered in Manchester by a relatively open scientific community. Joule and Dancer undoubtedly met socially at the Lit and Phil as well as at lectures or conversaziones at the Royal Manchester Institution. Dancer also made several of the instruments Joule required for the long series of experiments on atomic volume he carried out in conjunction with Lyon Playfair. (46) Both Playfair and Dancer were close friends of John Mercer, (47) a manufacturing chemist from Oakenshaw, Lancashire, who was responsible for inventing the process of treating cotton with strong alkali to ensure a good uptake of dye, which continues to bear his name. 

---