Platinum nanotubes

Feazell, R.P. et al. (2007) Soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes as longboat delivery systems for platinum(IV) anticancer drug design. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129 (27), 8438-8439. 

S. Hrapovic, Y. Liu, K.B. Male, and J.H.T. Luong, Electrochemical biosensing platforms using platinum nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. Anal. Chem. 76, 1083-1088 (2004). 

Recently, direct electron transfer to microperoxidases adsorbed on carbon nanotube-modified platinum electrodes has been observed [24], The redox potential for this direct electron transfer is-0.4 V vs SCE, the same as that for the microper-... 

H. Tang, J. Chen, S. Yao, L. Nie, G. Deng, and Y. Kuang, Amperometric glucose biosensor based on adsorption of glucose oxidase at platinum nanoparticle-modified carbon nanotube electrode. Anal. Biochem. 331, 89-97 (2004). 

N. Zhu, P. He, and Y. Fang, Electrochemical DNA biosensors based on platinum nanoparticles combined carbon nanotubes. Anal. Chim. Acta 545, 21-26 (2005). 

Zhang, FI. and FI. Cui, Synthesis and characterization of functionalized ionic liquid-stabilized metal (gold and platinum) nanoparticles and metal nanoparticle/carbon nanotube hybrids. Langmuir, 2009. 25(5) p. 2604-2612. 

Lin, Y., et ah, Platinum/carbon nanotube nanocomposite synthesized in supercritical fluid as electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005. 109(30) p. 14410-14415. 

Dameron, A.A., et ah, Aligned carbon nanotube array functionalization for enhanced atomic layer deposition of platinum electrocatalysts. Applied Surface Science, 2012. 258(13) ... 

More recently, Qu et al. examined composite Ru02/Ti02 nanotube and nanoparticle platinum electrodes [66], In a 0.5 M NaHC03 solution at -0.8V (versus SCE), the nanoparticle-based electrodes yielded faradaic efficiencies for methanol of 40%, compared to 61% for the nanotube composites However, no explanation was offered as to why the nanotube-based electrodes provided an increased catalytic activity. 

Nanomaterials can also be applied to glucose biosensors to enhance the properties of the sensors and, therefore, can lead to smaller sensors with higher signal outputs. Carbon nanotubes have been incorporated in previously developed sensors and seen to increase the peak currents observed by threefold.89 Platinum nanoparticles and single-wall carbon nanotubes have been used in combination to increase sensitivity and stability of the sensor.90,91 CdS quantum dots have also been shown to improve electron transfer from glucose oxidase to the electrode.92,93 Yamato et al. dispersed palladium particles in a polypyrrole/sulfated poly(beta-hydro-xyethers) and obtained an electrode response at 400 mV, compared to 650 mV, at a conventional platinum electrode.94... 

It is well known that catalyst support plays an important role in the performance of the catalyst and the catalyst layer. The use of high surface area carbon materials, such as activated carbon, carbon nanofibres, and carbon nanotubes, as new electrode materials has received significant attention from fuel cell researchers. In particular, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have unique electrical and electronic properties, wide electrochemical stability windows, and high surface areas. Using SWCNTs as support materials is expected to improve catalyst layer conductivity and charge transfer at the electrode surface for fuel cell oxidation and reduction reactions. Furthermore, these carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could also enhance electrocatalytic properties and reduce the necessary amount of precious metal catalysts, such as platinum. 

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