Plastisols, production vinyl

For vinyl plastisol, organosol products and calendering, Day-Glo Color Corp. offers T, D, VC, and AX-Series pigments, Lawter Chemical offers the B-3500 and G-3000 Series, and Radiant Color offers P-1600 and R-203-G Series. In addition, Day-Glo offers VC Series for vinyl calendering where nonformaldehyde products are needed. 

Elasticity If the product requires flexibility, examples of the choices includes polyethylene, vinyl, polypropylene, EVA, ionomer, urethane-polyester, fluorocarbon, silicone, polyurethane, plastisols, acetal, nylon, or some of the rigid plastics that have limited flexibility in thin sections. 

The technique is very versatile and adaptable. Plastisols may be applied overall or—by means of engraved screens—can be printed in selected areas, in weights that can be varied between 30 g m-2 and more than 500 g m-2. Suitable substrates include paper, other non-woven materials, glass-fibre webs, and textiles. Water-based inks can be employed as coatings or in printed designs. For relief effects, expandable aqueous polyacrylate dispersions offer an alternative to expandable plastisol inks. They are dried and then expanded at 120°C, a temperature much lower than is required for vinyls with a multi-station machine, a wide variety of products can be made. 

Plastisol is a specialized technique for making flexible vinyl products. It is also sometimes called paste or dispersion technology. Basically, powdered PVC is stirred into liquid plasticizer at room temperature to form a viscous liquid or spreadable paste. This can be poured or spread into the shape of the final product, heated to fuse, and cooled to gel into the final solid product. Simple pouring or gentle spreading require no heavy equipment, and do not damage delicate substrates such as... 

Some high-flow plastics, such as nylon, have been used in small pellet form. Ethylene vinyl acetate and PEs are also used in specialized applications as are PVC, PC, TP polyester, nylon, and PP. RM vinyl plastisols produce different products such as beach balls, floating animals, and toys as well as industrial products. The liquid or powdered plastic used in this method flows freely into comers or other deep draws upon the mold s being rotated and is then fused by heat passing through the mold s wall. 

The vinyl dispersion industry provides many different products worldwide and uses different processes. When reviewing vinyl dispersions there are basically two types known as plastisol and organosols. These dispersions and examples of processes used will be reviewed. 

Rotational molding of vinyl plastisols is similar to the rotational molding of powder or liquid plastics (Chapter 13). Plastisol is placed in the mold and heated while the mold is being rotated. Molded products can include tanks, volleyballs, basketballs, doll heads and bodies, and various automobile parts. 

There are also other products produced such as foamed vinyl fabrics (Chapter 8). One method of fabrication is to coat a thin layer of solid plastisol on embossed release paper, then coating a thicker coating of foam plastisol and finally layering on a cloth scrim. The composite is... 

Homopolymers and copolymers (usually vinyl acetate) of vinyl chloride are used frequently with volatile hydrocarbons where it is not desirable for the solvent (in this case really a diluent) to solvate the resin. These products are called organosols and are derived from plastisols. Plastisols and organosols have been described as follows (9) ... 

The plastisol is converted to a homogeneous solid ( vinyl ) product through exposure to heat [e.g., 350°F (176°C)], depending on the resin type and plasticizer type and level. The heat causes the suspended resin to undergo fusion—that is, dissolution in the plasticizer (Figure 2.42)—so that on cooling, a flexible vinyl product is formed with little or no shrinkage. The product possesses all the excellent qualities of vinyl plastics. 

More recent efforts have focused on developments that create true hybrids. For example, blocked isocyanate prepolymers have been mixed with epoxy resins and cured with amines [68-70]. These blocked prepolymers will react initially with the amines to form amine-terminated prepolymers that cross-link the epoxy resin. Several blocked isocyanates are commercially available. The DESMOCAP (Bayer) llA and 12A products are isocyanates (believed to be blocked with nonylphenol) used as flexibilizing agents for epoxy resins. ANCAREZ (trademark. Pacific Anchor, Inc.) 2150 is a blocked isocyanate epoxy blend used as an adhesion promoter for vinyl plastisols. A one-package, heat-cured hybrid adhesive was reported consisting of isophorone diisocyanate, epoxy resin, and a dispersed solid curative based on the salt of ethylenediamine and bisphenol A [71]. Urethane amines are offered commercially that can be used with epoxy resins to develop hybrid adhesive systems [72]. 

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