Parkes, Alexander

Parison (preform) for blow molding, 162, 162-163,260 Parkes, Alexander, 53, 150 Patrick, J. C., 64 PC. See Polycarbonate PDMS (poly[dimethyl-siloxane]), 135-136, 138,155 Pectin, 122,130... 

Parkes Alexander of Birmingham, Artist in the County of Warwick, Brit. Patent, 1,147,25 Mar 1846 Brit. Patent, 1,313,07 November 1865. 

A. Alexander, Manmade Fiber Frocessing, Noyes Development Corp., Park Ridge, N.J., 1966, pp. 149, 150. 

It has been common practice to blend plasticisers with certain polymers since the early days of the plastics industry when Alexander Parkes introduced Parkesine. When they were first used their function was primarily to act as spacers between the polymer molecules. Less energy was therefore required for molecular bond rotation and polymers became capable of flow at temperatures below their decomposition temperature. It was subsequently found that plasticisers could serve two additional purposes, to lower the melt viscosity and to change physical properties of the product such as to increase softness and flexibility and decrease the cold flex temperature (a measure of the temperature below which the polymer compound loses its flexibility). 

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is the principal federal agency for biomedical research on the effects of chemical, physical, and biologic environmental agents on human health and well-being. ContactNAEiTS, PO Box 12233, 104 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Phone 919-541-3212. 

Another name for cold cure, named after its discoverer Alexander Parkes. Celluloid, first known as Parkesine was another discovery of Alexander Parkes. 

Soil. The reported half-lives for phenanthrene in a Kidman sandy loam and McLaurin sandy loam are 16 and 35 d, respectively (Park et al, 1990). Manilal and Alexander (1991) reported a half-life of 11 d in a Kendaia soil. 

Dr. Lawrence H. Johnson, NAGRA, Hardstrasse 73, CH-5430 Wettingen, Switzerland Dr. Hrefna Kristmannsdottir, National Energy Authority, Grensasvegi 9, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. Dr. Paul M. Lemieux, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. 

S.J. Borghoff, CUT, PO Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States J. Caldwell, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom... 

In 1855, the moldable features of collodion were exploited by the British inventor and chemist Alexander Parkes, who marketed the material as Parkesine. Combs, earrings, buttons, bracelets, billiard balls, and even false teeth were manufactured in his factories. Parkes chose to focus more on quantity than on quality, however. Because he used low-grade cotton and cheap but unsuitable solvents, many of his products lacked durability, which led to commercial failure. In 1870, John Hyatt, a young inventor from Albany, New York, discovered that collodions moldable properties were vastly improved by using camphor as a solvent. Hyatts brother Isaiah named this camphor-based nitrocellulose material celluloid. Because of its greater workability, celluloid became the plastic of choice for the manufacture of many household items. In addition, thin transparent films of celluloid made excellent supports for photosensitive emulsions, a boon to the photography industry and a first step in the development of motion pictures. 

I. Instrument Society of America (ISA), 67 Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709... 

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