Plasticizers heat stability

Differences between the ingredients in a formulation may be essentially of a chemical nature, but also may be physical (such as the ranges of particle sizes)—and quite often both chemical and physical variations are found in practice. In order to match a particular material consistently it is not sufficient merely to know even the precise formulation in terms of polymer, plasticizer, heat stabilizer, filler, anti-static agent, colour, and so forth each of the components in the formulation must be supplied consistently to a tight... 

Plasticizer Heat stabilizer Ultraviolet absorber Flame retardant Biocide... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of SOx Uses Catalyst for the prod, of PU plastics heat stabilizer for PVC bottles Trade Name Synonyms ADK STAB 465 [Asahi Denka Kogyo http //www.adk.co.jp]-, ADK STAB 465E, 465L [Asahi Denka Kogyo http //www.adk.co.jp]-, Haro MixZT-905 t[Akcros bv http //www.akcros.com]-, Kosmos 23 t[Goldschmidt AG http //www.goldschmidtsurfactants.com]... 

Uses Stabilizer for food-contact vinyl chloride plastics heat stabilizer for PVC... 

Figure 6.56 Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Evonik Industries Vestamid L1723 sw (DAM)—low viscosity, plasticized, heat stabilized Nylon 12 resin.

Other rosin derivatives expand the range of rosin markets. For example, the alcohol derivatives are used in plastic heat stabilizers, ethoxylated amines are used in corrosion prevention and specialty cleaning, and polyols are used for polyurethane foams. Amines (dehydroabietylamine) are used as antimicrobials (fungicides, bactericides, and algicides), as cationic ore flotation agents, and in the laboratory as a resolving agent for racemic mixtures. 

Thermal Air Aging air oven aging 150 1 From DuPont Zytel FN literature Specimen Plasticized, heat stabilized... 

Poly(vinyl chloride). To be converted into film, poly(viayl chloride) [9002-86-22] (PVC) must be modified with heat stabilizers and plasticizers, which increase costs. Plasticized PVC film is highly transparent and soft, with a very high gas-permeation rate. Water-vapor transmission rate is relatively low. At present, PVC film is produced by blown-film extmsion, although casting and calendering are employed for heavier gauges (see Vinyl POLYAffiRS). 

Lead forms a normal and an acid sulfate and several basic sulfates. Basic and normal lead sulfates ate fundamental components in the operation of lead-sulfuric acid storage batteries. Basic lead sulfates also ate used as pigments and heat stabilizers (qv) in vinyl and certain other plastics. 

The phosphonate esters, HP(=0(OR)2, of alkylated phenols are used extensively as lubricating-oil additives to control bearing corrosion and oxidation, and to impart antimst properties as stabilizers, as antioxidants (qv) and flame retardants in plastics, as specialty solvents, and as intermediates (see Corrosion AND corrosion control Heat stabilizers). 

Organophosphoms compounds, primarily phosphonic acids, are used as sequestrants, scale inhibitors, deflocculants, or ion-control agents in oil wells, cooling-tower waters, and boiler-feed waters. Organophosphates are also used as plasticizers and flame retardants in plastics and elastomers, which accounted for 22% of PCl consumed. Phosphites, in conjunction with Hquid mixed metals, such as calcium—zinc and barium—cadmium heat stabilizers, function as antioxidants and stabilizer adjutants. In 1992, such phosphoms-based chemicals amounted to slightly more than 6% of all such plastic additives and represented 8500 t of phosphoms. Because PVC production is expected to increase, the use of phosphoms additive should increase 3% aimually through 1999. 

Plastics and Synthetic Products. To prevent degradation of plastics at elevated processing temperatures, it is necessary to use suitable heat stabilizers. Eor example, flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) manifests uncontroUed color development in the absence of stabilizers. Accordingly, cadmium salts of organic acids are typically used in a synergistic combination with corresponding barium salts, in about a 1 3 cadmium barium ratio, to provide a cost-competitive heat stabilizer for flexible PVC. 

In the massive form poly(vinyl chloride) is a colourless rigid material with limited heat stability and with a tendency to adhere to metallic surfaces when heated. For these, and other, reasons it is necessary to compound the polymer with other ingredients to make useful plastics materials. By such means it is possible to produce a wide range of products, including rigid piping and soft elastic cellular materials. 

Many additives are used with PVC polymers such as plasticizers, antioxidants, and impact modifiers. Heat stabilizers, which are particularly important with PVC resins, extend the useful life of the finished product. Plastic additives have been reviewed by Ainsworth. 

The processing heat stability of most fire retardant plastics is lower than that of non-retarded plastics. Some compromises between processing heat stability and flame-retardancy are demonstrated in the following examples ... 

The major problem of most flame retarded plastics is a decrease in processing heat stability. A method recommended by several producers of plastics to solve this problem is to decrease process temperature (Table 3). 

This increase in the flowability of fire retardant plastics melts compensates for lack of heat stability by providing the same technological potentialities as high processing heat stability using low temperature processing (Fig. 2). 

Fig. 2. Potentials provided by high heat stability and by flowability of plastics melt.

EB radiation-cured PVC film surface induces a big improvement in tensile strength and excellent printing ink adhesion and adhesive receptance [302]. PVC foams containing plasticizers, thermally activated blowing agents, cross-linkers, and heat stabilizers have been manufactured by EB radiation technology [303]. 

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