Plasma-source mass spectrometry

Holland, J.G. and Eaton, A., Applications of Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. 

Gray AL (1985). Solid sample introduction by laser ablation for inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry. Analyst 110 551-556... 

Marechal CN, Telouk P, Alberede F (1999) Precise analysis of copper and zinc isotopic compositiorrs by plasma-source mass spectrometry. Chem Geol 156 251-273 Martin P, Hancock GJ, Paulka S, Akber RA (1995) Determination of Ac-227 by alpha-particle spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 46 1065-1070... 

HPLC (in both NP and RP modes) is quite suitable for speciation by coupling to FAAS, ETAAS, ICP-MS and MIP-MS [571,572]. Coupling of plasma source mass spectrometry with chromatographic techniques offers selective detection with excellent sensitivity. For HPLC-ICP-MS detection limits are in the sub-ng to pg range [36]. Metal ion determination and speciation by LC have been reviewed [573,574] with particular regard to ion chromatography [575]. 

Plasmas compare favourably with both the chemical combustion flame and the electrothermal atomiser with respect to the efficiency of the excitation of elements. The higher temperatures obtained in the plasma result in increased sensitivity, and a large number of elements can be efficiently determined. Common plasma sources are essentially He MIP, Ar MIP and Ar ICP. Helium has a much higher ionisation potential than argon (24.5 eV vs. 15.8 eV), and thus is a more efficient ionisation source for many nonmetals, thereby resulting in improved sensitivity. Both ICPs and He MIPs are utilised as emission detectors for GC. Plasma-source mass spectrometry offers selective detection with excellent sensitivity. When coupled to chromatographic techniques such as GC, SFC or HPLC, it provides a method for elemental speciation. Plasma-source detection in GC is dominated by GC-MIP-AES... 

Table 8.56 List of desiderata of plasma-source mass spectrometry...

The main advantages of plasma-source mass spectrometry (PS-MS) over other analytical techniques, such as PS-AES and ETAAS, are the possibilities of quantitative isotope determination and isotope dilution analysis the rapid spectral scanning capability of the mass spectrometer and semiquantitative determinations to within a factor of two or three. Several labelling methods are used for the quantification of analytes present in complex mixtures. In these methods, the sample is spiked... 

Noticeable trends in inorganic mass spectrometry are speed, simultaneity, and fewer problems from isobars and tuned plasma conditions. Inorganic MS techniques used for inorganic trace analysis have been reviewed [350]. Various monographs deal with inorganic mass spectrometry [351,352] and plasma-source mass spectrometry in particular [353,354]. 

Gijbels [355] has reviewed the elemental analysis of high-purity solids by mass spectrometry. For applications of plasma-source mass spectrometry, see ref. [353],... 

Delves HT, Campbell MJ. 1988. Measurements of total lead concentrations and of lead isotope ratios in whole blood by use of inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry. J Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 3 343-348. 

R. Doucelance and G. Manhes. Reevaluation of Precise Lead Isotope Measurements by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry Comparison with Determinations by Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry. Chem. Geol, 176(2001) 361-377. 

Carlson RW, Hauri EH, Alexander CMO D (2001) Matrix induced isotopic mass fractionation in the ICP-MS. In Plasma source mass spectrometry The new Millennium. Holand G, Turner SD (eds), Cambridge Roy Soc Chem, p 288-297... 

Date AR, Ying Y, Stuart ME (1987) The influence of polyatomic ion interferences in analysis by inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Spectrochim Acta 42B 3-20... 

With the advent of multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma-source mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) it is now possible to measure Mg/ Mg and Mg/ Mg of Mg in solution with a reproducibility of 30 to 60 ppm or better (Galy et al. 2001). What is more, ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation combined with MC-ICPMS permits in situ analysis of Mg-bearing mineral samples with reproducibility of 100 to 200 ppm (Yoimg et al. 2002a). These new analytical capabilities allow mass-dependent fractionations of the isotopes of Mg to be used as tracers in natural systems. 

The observed range of natural variations of 5 Ca is about 4 to 5%o in terrestrial materials and up to 50%o in high temperature condensate minerals in carbonaceous chondrites. The typical reproducibility of measurements is about +0.15%o. Broader application of Ca isotope measurements in geochemistry may be possible, particularly if the reproducibility can be improved to 0.05%o to 0.03%o. There is hope that this can be achieved either with inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometry (Halicz et al. 1999) or with a new generation of multi-collector thermal ionization mass spectrometers (Heuser et al. 2002). 

Mason TFD, Weiss DJ, Horstwood M, Parrish RR, Russell SS, Mullane E, Coles BJ (2004b) High-precision Cu and Zn isotope analysis by plasma source mass spectrometry. Part 2. Correcting for mass discrimination effects. J Anal At Spectrom 19 218-226... 

Cardinal D, AUeman LY, de Jong J, Ziegler K, Andre L (2003) Isotopic composition of sUicon measured by multicollector plasma source mass spectrometry in dry plasma mode. J Anal At Spectrom 18 213-218... 

Zhu XK, O Nions RK, Guo Y, Belshaw NS, Rickard D (2000a) Determination of natural Cu-isotope variations by plasma-source mass spectrometry implications for use as geochemical tracers. Chem Geol 163 139-149... 

Montaser, A. (ed.), Inductively Coupled Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry, Wiley-VCH Inc., New York (1998). 

Boulyga, S.F., Pickhardt, C., Becker, J. Su., Przybylski, M. and Becker, J. S., Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry Applications and Emerging Technologies, (8th International Conference on Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry Durham, United Kingdom), Royal Society of Chemistry 54 (2003). 

Elobeid, M., Chai, Y., Clarke, D., Hannigan, R. and Russ, J., in Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry,... 

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