Nickel plasma

At plasma nickel concentrations of about 3 mg/L, patients had adverse effects including headaches, nausea, vomiting, and weakness recovery occurred 3 to 13 h after cessation of dialysis... 

A detectable rise in plasma nickel concentration after the oral administration of 22.4 mg of nickel sulfate was reported (69). In collaborative studies, we have examined the interaction of nickel and ascorbic acid in the human intestine. Healthy volunteers received 5 mg of elemental nickel as 22.4 mg of nickel sulfate, as in the previous report. The total volume was 100 mL. This was ingested either alone or with 1 g of ascorbic acid. This constituted a Ni AA molar ratio of 0.015. A significant depression in the rise of plasma nickel was observed when ascorbic acid was present as compared with the situation of aqueous nickel alone see Table V). Our Ni AA ratio of 0.015 compares with a molar ratio... 

Change in Plasma Nickel Above Fasting Levels (ixg/mL)... 

A major fraction of plasma nickel is present in nickeloplasmin, which is a nickel-containing aj-macroglobulin (Nomoto etal. 1971, Nomoto and Sunderman 1988). The nickel content of nickeloplasmin is not readily exchangeable with exogenous Ni, and nickeloplasmin seems to be uninvolved in... 

For comparison, the half-life for diminution of plasma nickel concentrations in human volunteers after oral intake of NiS04 is approximately 11 hrs with a maximum of the renal excretion after 4 hr [12]. In rats that received NiCl2 by intravenous injection, 93% of the Ni dose was eliminated during 4 days postinjection, including 90% in urine and 3% in feces. 

Genotoxicity Nickel induces dose- and time-dependent genotoxicity as observed in buccal cells of occupation-ally exposed subjects from the electroplating industry. Plasma nickel and chromium concentration in these workers correlated well with increased MN observed along with other nuclear abnormalities like karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis (indicators of genotoxicity) in buccal cells [79 ]. 

Nickel also is deterrnined by a volumetric method employing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a titrant. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is preferred to determine very low nickel values (see Trace AND RESIDUE ANALYSIS). The classical gravimetric method employing dimethylglyoxime to precipitate nickel as a red complex is used as a precise analytical technique (122). A colorimetric method employing dimethylglyoxime also is available. The classical method of electro deposition is a commonly employed technique to separate nickel in the presence of other metals, notably copper (qv). It is also used to estabhsh caUbration criteria for the spectrophotometric methods. X-ray diffraction often is used to identify nickel in crystalline form. 

Inductively coupled argon plasma (icp) and direct current argon plasma (dcp) atomic emission spectrometry are solution techniques that have been appHed to copper-beryUium, nickel—beryUium, and aluminum—beryUium aUoys, beryUium compounds, and process solutions. The internal reference method, essential in spark source emission spectrometry, is also useful in minimizing drift in plasma emission spectrometry (17). Electrothermal (graphite... 

The second approach, that of surface coating, is more difficult, and that means more expensive. But it is often worth it. Hard, corrosion resistant layers of alloys rich in tungsten, cobalt, chromium or nickel can be sprayed onto surfaces, but a refinishing process is almost always necessary to restore the dimensional tolerances. Hard ceramic coatings such as AbO, Cr203, TiC, or TiN can be deposited by plasma methods and these not only give wear resistance but resistance to oxidation and... 

Samples Analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Metals — Where two or more of the following analytes are requested on the same filter, an ICP analysis may be conducted. However, the Industrial Hygienist should specify the metals of interest in the event samples cannot be analyzed by the ICP method. A computer print-out of the following 13 analytes may be typically reported Antimony, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc. Arsenic — Lead, cadmium, copper, and iron can be analyzed on the same filter with arsenic. 

Properties of the deposits Almost any material which can be melted is suitable for plasma spraying, giving a vast range of possible coatings of single or mixed metallic or non-metallic substances. It is often possible to produce types of coatings which are not obtainable in any other way. Typical of the materials which are plasma sprayed are copper, nickel, tantalum, molybdenum. Stellites, alumina, zirconia, tungsten and boron carbides, and stainless steels. 

Trace levels of nickel carbonyl can be monitored using plasma chromatography (Ref 5)... 

Other potential applications are ceramic powders coated with their sintering aids, zirconia coated withyttria stabilizer, tungsten carbide coated with cobalt, or nickel, alumina abrasive powders coated with a relatively brittle second phase such as MgAl204 and plasma spray powders without the segregation of alloying elements. 

Allen LB, Siitonen PH, Thompson HC Jr. 1998. Determination of copper, lead, and nickel in edible oils by plasma and furnace atomic spectroscopies. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 75(4) 477-481. 

Microwaves have been used to generate plasma in methane at 5-50 Torr. The radicals produced in such a system were then allowed to react over a nickel catalyst, affording a mixture of ethane, ethene, and ethyne [74],... 

The application of the Spectroscan DC plasma emission spectrometer confirmed that for the determination of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc in seawater the method was not sufficiently sensitive, as its detection limits just approach the levels found in seawater [731]. High concentrations of calcium and magnesium increased both the background and elemental line emission intensities. 

Berndt et al. [740] have shown that traces of bismuth, cadmium, copper, cobalt, indium, nickel, lead, thallium, and zinc could be separated from samples of seawater, mineral water, and drinking water by complexation with the ammonium salt of pyrrolidine- 1-dithiocarboxylic acid, followed by filtration through a filter covered with a layer of active carbon. Sample volumes could range from 100 ml to 10 litres. The elements were dissolved in nitric acid and then determined by atomic absorption or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. 

Chappie and Byrne [743] applied an electrothermal vaporisation inductively coupled plasma technique to the determination of copper, cobalt, manganese, nickel, and vanadium in seawater in amounts down to 3-140 ppt. 

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