Lactate plasma

Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus 330 pg/L for 240 h lymphocytes and blood plasma lactate levels most blood chemistry variables were normal Whole body concentration of 14.9 mg Pb/kg FW 31... 

Levels of fasting venous plasma lactate above the upper limit of normal but less than 5 mmol/L in patients taking metformin do not necessarily indicate impending lactic acidosis and may be explained by other mechanisms, such as poorly controlled diabetes or obesity, vigorous physical activity, or technical problems in sample handling. 

Special assays (urine and plasma) lactate, orotidine, thiosulphate, carnitine, succinylacetone, hydroxyproline, urate, orotate, sialic acid, MPS, guanidino-acetate, HVA, pyroglutamate, 5H1AA, pipecolate, pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, phytanate, VLCFA, homocysteine, 7-dehydrocholesterol, phenylalanine ERNDIM 8 148... 

The plasma lactate (CH3-CHOH-COOH) levels reflect the equilibrium between its production and its consumption by different tissues. Lactate is the end product of... 

Rodrigo GJ, Rodrigo C. Elevated plasma lactate level associated with high dose inhaled albuterol therapy in acute severe asthma. Emerg Med J 2005 22 404-8. 

L13. Lou, H. C., Correction of increased plasma pyruvate and plasma lactate levels using large doses of thiamine in patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Arch. Neurol. 38, 469 (1981). 

The increase in plasma lactate and pyruvate after a test dose of glucose was used historically as a means of assessing thiamin nutritional status (Section 6.5). 

Baud, F.J., Borron, S.W., Megarbane, B., Trout, H., Lapostolle, F., Vicaut, E., Debray, M., Bismuth, C. (2002). Value of plasma lactate in the assessment of acute cyanide poisoning. Crit. Care Med. 30 2044-50. 

E202 Greenberg, N. and Byrne, D. (1985). Plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity assayed with the Kodak Ektachem 7(X) Analyzer is unaffected by platelet contamination. Clin. Chem. 31, 1022, Abstr. 623. 

E612 Gasper, P.D., Zirbes, P.M., Khaja, G. and Narahari Reddy, M. (1990). Evaluation of plasma lactate methodology on Kodak Ektachem 700 analyzer. Clin. Chem. 56, 1199, Abstr. 1155. 

In the non-exercising horse, increased blood lactate concentrations are sufficient evidence of a metabolic disturbance to initiate fluid therapy. They are an indication of poor tissue perfusion or increased circulating epinephrine (adrenaline) concentrations (James et al 1999). Hypovolemia and endotoxemia are common causes of increased lactate concentrations in the horse. Endotoxemia increases tissue lactate production both through circulatory changes, which reduce blood flow to the tissues and inappropriate anaerobic metabolism (Fink 1997). Whereas lactate is a good indicator of the need to start fluid therapy, continued high lactate concentrations should be assessed in the context of cardiovascular parameters, such as pulse rate, urine output and blood pressure, because decreases in plasma lactate concentration... 

In conclusion, the administration of sodium bicarbonate increases plasma pH but has the opposite effect in the CSF and intracellular fluid, which may be extremely detrimental to the acidotic patient. It may further increase the plasma lactate and sodium concentrations and may decrease the ionized calcium concentration. It corrects one laboratory value (pH) without addressing the underlying pathophysiology (poor tissue perfusion), by imposing a hypematremic alkalosis on an already deranged metabolic balance. 

As discussed, increased blood or plasma lactate concentrations are usually caused by poor tissue perfusion in gastrointestinal diseases but may also result from acute renal failure, hepatic failure and anaerobic metabolism during endotoxemia. The clinical signs related to the disease causing the lactic acidosis are likely to overshadow the direct effects of the lactemia, such as decreased myocardial contractility (Yatani et al 1981). 

Young, A,A, et at (1994) Selective amylin antagonist suppresses rise in plasma lactate after Intravenous glucose in the rat Evidence for a metabolic role of endogenous amylin. FE Lett., 343,237-241. 

Kidney failure requires special attention because of metformin accumulation. Severe lactacidotic coma despite normal renal function has been reported in a 35-year-old diabetic man taking metformin and alcohol (Ryder, 1984). While fasting plasma lactate concentrations remained unaltered after metformin, a rise was noted in response to meals (from 1.4 0.1 to 1.8 0.2 mM) (Pedersen et al., 1989). Arterial blood gas analysis in one case revealed a pH of 6.76 and a bicarbonate level of 1.6 mM before treatment of lactacidosis. After therapy, which included oxygen, volume expansion and haemodialysis, the patient completely recovered (Gan et al., 1992). 

The combination of sulphonylureas and acarbose (3 x 100 mg) versus sulphonylureas and phenformin (75 mg) was tested for 3 months by Pagano and Cavallo-Perin (1990), who could not find any significant difference between the two treatments as far as blood glucose, plasma insulin and HbA] were concerned. However, there was a 20% increase in plasma lactate in the biguanide group and no variation in the acarbose patients. 

Bais R, Edwards JB. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity will be increased if detergent and platelets are present. Clin Chem 1977 23 1056-8. 

Lactate in CSF normally parallels blood levels, but not in children. With biochemical alterations in the CNS, however, CSF lactate values change independently of blood values. Increased CSF concentrations are noted in cerebrovascular accidents, intracranial hemorrhage, bacterial meningitis, epilepsy, inborn errors of the electron transport chain, and other CNS disorders. In aseptic (viral) menmgitis, lactate concentrations in CSF are not usually increased hence, CSF lactate has been used to help discriminate between viral and bacterial meningitis,but the clinical utility has been questioned. In a few children with inherited metabolic diseases, CSF lactate concentrations may be increased despite a plasma lactate in the reference interval. 

Astles R, Williams CP, Sedor E Stability of plasma lactate in vitro in the presence of antiglycolytic agents. Chn Chem 1994 40 1327-30. 

LaPostoUe, L., Borron, S., and Baud, F., Increased plasma lactate concentrations are associated with cyanide but not other types of acute poisoning, Clin. Toxicol., 44, 111, 2006. 

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