Plants genetically engineered

Genetic engineering procedures Microbe genetic engineering Plant genetic engineering of enzymes, 12 65 of Pseudomonas, 12 476 of silk, 22 633... 

Plant extract gums, 13 63t Plant extracts, as antioxidants, 12 61 Plant fireproofing, 21 841—842 Plant genetic engineering, 12 484-496 bioengineering of glyphosate tolerance, 12 487-490... 

Gelvin, S.B. (2003). Improving plant genetic engineering by manipulating the host. Trends Biotechnol. 21(3) 95-98. 

Why might a sweet potato plant genetically engineered for a higher protein content have a greater intolerance for nitrogen-poor soils ... 

Bt crop A crop plant genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Current commercial Bt crops include Bt cotton, Bt corn, and Bt soybeans. 

Even more sophisticated improvements may be possible (Figure 3B). For example, if a microbe produces a molecule E which is nematocidal, and the plant has the biosynthetic machinery to make a key intermediate of this molecule, C,then perhaps genes, coding for the enzymes necessary to complete the biosynthetic pathway, could be moved into the plant, causing the plant to produce its own nematocide. The result is literally chemical synthesis in living tissues. Plant genetic engineering could be competitive with the chemical pesticide business. 

Researchers perceived that in tumor formation A. tumefaciens T-DNA was transferred into the plant cells. An organism with a natural DNA transformation ability could be very useful for genetically engineering or transferring traits into plant cells. Of course, there were a number of obstacles to be overcome in using A. tumefaciens for plant genetic engineering. 

Watson, J. D., Gilman, M., Witkowski, J., and Zoller, M., 1992. Recombinant DNA (2d ed.). Scientific American Books. Grierson, D. (Ed ), 1991. Plant Genetic Engineering. Chapman and Hall. 

Grierson, D. (Ed.). 1991. Plant Genetic Engineering. Chapman and Hall. 

The second event, that of Prodigene s PMP corn, is one immediately relevant for PMP production. In September and October of 2002, in Iowa and Nebraska respectively, APHIS found volunteer corn plants genetically engineered to produce a pharmaceutical to prevent traveler s diarrhea growing in soybean fields in violation of permit conditions. Specifically, Prodigene did not abide by the conditions of their field release permit to eradicate all traces of the experimental crop from the fields, as small quantities of this corn ended up in soybean that was to be processed and sold for human consumption. 

Measurements of behavioral endpoints in honey bees should provide an effective assessment of hazards caused by crop protection chemicals especially when applied to melliferous plants. Under laboratory conditions, the conditioned proboscis extension (CPE) assay provides detectable sub-lethal effects due to pesticides, and also to gene products potentially used in plant genetic engineering (see other chapters of this book). Impairment in olfactory learning abilities have been shown for chemical concentrations at which no additional mortality occurred. Thus, the use of the CPE assay as a method to evaluate the potential effect on the honey bees foraging behavior can help to assess the toxicity of chemicals in a more comprehensive way than by considering the mortality endpoint alone. The CPE procedure can be used to compare responses to different chemicals (Table... 

Picard-Nizou, A.L., Grison, R., Olsen, L., Pioche, C., Arnold, G. and Pham-Delegue, M.H. (1997). Impact of proteins used in plant genetic engineering Toxicity and behavioral study in the honeybee. J. Econ. Entomol. 90, 1710-1716. 

Sonkaria S, Boucher G, Horez-Alvarez J et al. (2004) Evidence for lock and key character in an anti-phosphonate hydrolytic antibody catalytic site augmented by non-reaction centre recognition variation in substrate selectivity between an anti-phosphonate antibody, an anti-phosphate antibody and two hydrolytic enzymes. Biochem J 381 125—130 Sprossler B, Plainer H (1983) Immobilized lactase for processing whey. Food Technol 37 93-96 Stemmer WP (1994) Rapid evolution of a protein in vitro by DNA shuffling. Nature 370 389-391 Sticklen M (2006) Plant genetic engineering to improve biomass characteristics for biofuels. Curr Opin Biotechnol 17(3) 315-319... 

Hu ZB, Du M. Hairy root and its application in plant genetic engineering. J Integr Plant Biol 2006 48(2) 121-7. 

Sticklen M. (2006). Plant genetic engineering to improve biomass characteristics for biofuels. Curr Opin Biotechnol, 17, 315-319. 

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