Maize leaves

Michelena, V. A. Boyer, J.S. (1982). Complete turgor maintenance at low water potentials in the elongation region of maize leaves. Plant Physiology, 69,1145-9. 

In the presence of air, the roots, coleoptile, mesocotyl, endosperm, scutellum, and anther wall of maize synthesise a tissue-specific spectrum of polypeptides. The scutellum and endosperm of the immature kernel synthesise many or all of the ANPs constitutively, along with many other proteins under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions all of the above organs selectively synthesise only the ANPs. Moreover, except for a few characteristic qualitative and quantitative differences, the patterns of anaerobic protein synthesis in these diverse organs are remarkably similar (Okimoto et al., 1980). On the other hand, maize leaves, which have emerged from the coleoptile, do not incorporate labelled amino acids under anaerobic conditions and do not survive even a brief exposure to anaerobiosis (Okimoto et al., 1980). 

Jiang, M. and Zhang, J. (2002). Water stress-induced abscisic acid accumulation triggers the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 53 2401-2410. 

Wu, C.H., H.L. Warren, K. Sitaraman, and C.Y. Tsai. 1988. Translational alterations in maize leaves responding to pathogen infection, paraquat treatment, or heat shock. Plant Physiol. 86 1323-1329. 

HV012 Molina, A., A. Segura, and F. Garcia-Olmedo. Lipid transfer proteins (NSLTPS) from barley and maize leaves are potent inhibitors of bacte- HV024 rial and fungal plant pathogens. FEBS Lett 1993 316(2) 119-122. 

Pietrini F., lanelli, M.A., and Massacci, A., Anthocyanin accumulation in the illuminated surface of maize leaves enhances protection from photo-inhibitory risks at low temperature, without further limitation to photosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ., 25, 1251, 2002. 

Kleczkowski, L.A. Randall, D.D. Zahler, W.L. Adenylate kinase from maize leaves true substrates, inhibition by P p5-di(adenosine-5 )pentaphosphate and kinetic mechanism. Z. Naturforsch.G, 45, 607-613 (1990)... 

Politis, D. J., and Wheeler, H., 1973, Ultrastructural study of penetration of maize leaves by Colletotrichum graminicola, Physiol. Plant Pathol. 3 465-471. 

Oaks, A., Poulle, M., Goodfellow, V.J., Cass, L.A. Deising, H. (1988). The role of nitrate and ammonium ions and light on the induction of nitrate reductase in maize leaves. Plant Physiology 88, 1067-72. 

Kaupp and Sklarz [50] reported a clean-up method for the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in plant samples including maize leaves. The two-step clean-up consisted of gel permeation chromatography on a porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, followed by further clean-up on silica gel. 

Direct effects of HS may be reflected in changes in photosynthesis and ATP formation in treated plants. In the case of photosynthesis, our information is still fragmentary and not very recent. Ferretti et al. (1991) showed that HS, applied to the culture medium, increased the activities of the enzymes involved in the photosynthetic sulfate reduction pathway, whereas Merlo et al. (1991) observed in maize leaves a decrease in starch content accompanied by an increase in soluble sugars. These positive biological effects appeared to be mediated by changes in the activity... 

Merlo, L., Ghisi, R., Rascio, N., and Passera, C. (1991). Effects of humic substances on carbohydrate metabolism of maize leaves. Can. J Plant Sci. 71,419 425. 

Oikawa, A., Ishihara, A., Hasegawa, M., Kodama, O., and Iwamura, H. 2001. Induced accumulation of 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (HDMBOA-GIc) in maize leaves. Phytochemistry 56, 669-675... 

Ishihara, A., Kawata, N., Matsukawa, T. and Iwamura, H. (2000) Induction of N-hydroxycinnamoyltyramine synthesis and tyramine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (THT) activity by wounding in maize leaves. 

It is likely that the regulatory mechanisms discussed in Section 5 apply to the regulation of CO2 fixation in C4 plants. In particular it is known that the ferre-doxin/thioredoxin system of light-linked enzyme activation (see Section 5.2.2) is present in C4 plants. NADP-malate dehydrogenase, FBPase and SBPase from maize leaves are regulated in this way [33]. 

In addition to work with C3 species, Fru-2,6-P2 has been studied in maize leaves. 

Table I. Effect of BR on Greening of Etiolated Maize Leaves Exposed to Light (Hybrid Danyu 13 2 klux 30 ° C 12 h)...

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Origin maize leaves Biozyme... 

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Origin maize leaves Fluka... 

ALLEVIATION EFFECTS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND LANTHANUM ON ULTRAWEAK BIOLUMINESCENCE IN MAIZE LEAVES UNDER CADMIUM STRESS... 

Ries and Cast (1965) observed a 90% increase in the nitrogen content of maize leaves with a low level of nitrogen-supply after two simazine treatments of 10 mole/dm. Similar results have been reported by Tweedy and Ries (1967) for maize grown at suboptimal temperature and low nitrogen supply. On the other hand, simazine did not enhance the growth of maize plants if the nitrogen was supplied in the form of ammonium. In maize plants treated with simazine, the nitrate reductase activity is increased by one order of magnitude under suboptimal conditions. 

Urao et al. (1994) [87] cloned two closely related Ca dependent protein kinases from Arabidopsis and showed that they are ABA inducible. Overexpression of these kinases in protoplasts isolated from maize leaves leads to induction of an ABA responsive promoter [75]. Coexpression of ABIl inhibits the induction. It is difficult to make this fit with the role of ABIl as a mediator of ABA induced gene expression. The mechanism of action of ABIl and the dominant effects of the abil mutation have not yet been clarified. It is possible that overexpression of ABIl has the same effect as the abil mutant protein. 

Lobeeaux S, Thoieon S and Beiat J-F (1995) Induction of ferritin synthesis in maize leaves by an iron-mediated oxidative stress. Plant J 8 443-449. 

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