Plant-parasites control

Lamberti F, Greco N (1991) Effectiveness of soil solarization for control of plant parasitic nematodes. In DeVay JE, Stapleton JJ, Elmore CL (eds) Proceedings of the first international conference on soil solarization, Amman, Jordan, 19-25 February 1990. FAO Plant Protection and Production Paper No. 109, FAO, Rome, Italy, pp 167-172 Lamberti F, D Addabbo T, Greco P, Carella A, De Cosmis P (2000) Management of root-knot nematodes by combination of soil solarization and fenamiphos in southern Italy. Nematol Medit 28 31 15... 

Uses A mixture containing cis and trans isomers is used as a soil fumigant for control of plant-parasitic nematodes. 

Rodriguez et al (1982) noted that psychoactive compounds also often kill gastrointestinal parasites. They suggested that humans first used the plants to control parasites and discovered the effects on the central nervous system in the process. 

The initial objective of the search was an anthelmintic with properties radically different from those of known anthelmintics. What was found was an anthelmintic whose properties were indeed markedly different — not only in terms of chemical structure and efficacy against helminths, but also in the extension of the potential utility of the class to the control of arthropod parasites of animals. Further, the compounds turned out to have striking activity against a variety of free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes and arthropods — and so it has come about that a new livestock anthelmintic has become an agenda item in this symposium on agricultural pesticides. 

Dong LQ, Zhang KQ, Microbial control of plant-parasitic nematodes A five-party interaction, Plant Soil 288 31 5, 2006. 

Highly toxic groups will be found. They may be used to step up old nematocides or bring new ones to the fore. However, soil nematocides are contact killers and as such will be supplanted by chemotherapy. Plants will be fed materials toxic to the nematode. Such chemicals (stomach poisons) are already here, as indicated by sodium selenate. Plant parasitic nematodes can bathe in it, but unless it is absorbed by the plant and thus fed to the nematode, no injury is done. The mode of action of parathion is still uncertain. Plant parasitic nematodes placed in a saturated aqueous solution certainly survive for long periods, yet it has been found effective in the control of certain nematodes in living plants 16y 0), The next step is the introduction into the plant of nutriments to replace those taken from the plant by the nematode. The final step is the introduction into the plant of neutralizers of nemic enzymes. This may have already been done in the case of parathion, for it is said to inhibit cholinesterase formation in other animals. Chemotherapy will then have its day, but when that day is done physics may be expected to take over liie burdens of the control of plant diseases. We can expect the use of ultrasonics and radioactive fertilizers. 

Professor Schwinn discussed new advances in the chemical control of plant parasitic Oomycetes and Peronosporales. Some of the most devastating foliar and root diseases are caused by these fungi, hut they are often not controlled by systemic fungicides which control... 

Plants belonging to 57 families have been shown to possess nematicidal properties (Bridge, 1996). Crop rotation (crops planted in sequence) and intercropping (crops planted together) have both shown potential for reducing populations of parasitic nematodes. Cover crops are a type of rotation employed as an alternative to leaving land fallow, and are usually not cash crops. Many plants have been used as rotation or cover crops for plant-parasitic nematode control (Table 1). 

Akhtar, M. Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes by neem products in agricultural soils. Appl Soil Ecol 1998 7 219-223. 

Akhtar, M., Alam, M.M. Integrated control of plant-parasitic nematodes on potato with organic amendments, nematicide, and mixed cropping with mustard. Nematol Medit 1991 19 169-171. 

Akhtar, M., Mahmood, I. Control of plant-parasitic nematodes with Nimin andsomeplantoilsby bare root-dip treatment. Nematol Medit 1993 21 89-92. 

Chavama-Carvajal, J.A., Rodriguez-Kabana, R., Kloepper, J.W., Morgan-Jones, G Changes in populations of microorganisms associated with organic amendments and benzaldehyde to control plant parasitic nematodes. Nematropica 2001 31 165-180. 

Rodrfguez-Kdbana, R., Kloepper, J.W., Weaver, C.F., Robertson, D.G Control of plant parasitic nematodes with furfural - a naturally occurring fumigant. Nematropica 1993 26 63-73. 

Soler-Serratosa, A., Kokalis-Burelle, N., Rodriguez-Kabana, R., Weaver, C.F., King, P.S. Allelochemicals for control of plant-parasitic nematodes. 1. In vivo nematicidal efficacy of thymol and thymol/benzaldehyde combinations. Nematropica 1996 26 57-71. 

Stirling, G.R. Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Progress, Problems, and Prospects. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1991 pp. 212. 

A study was conducted to determine the effects of combinations of organic amendments and benzaldehyde on plant-parasitic and non-parasitic nematode populations, soil microbial activity, and plant growth (Chavarria-Carvajal et al., 2001). Pine bark, velvetbean and kudzu were applied to soil at rates of 30 g/kg and paper waste at 40 g/kg alone and in combination with benzaldehyde (300 mul/kg), for control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Pre-plant and post-harvest soil and soybean root samples were analyzed, and the number of parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes associated with soil and roots were determined. Soil samples were taken at 0, 2, and 10 weeks after treatment to determine population densities of bacteria and fungi. Treatment... 

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