Algae, planktonic

Ploug, H., Stolte, W. and Jorgensen, B. B. (1999). Diffusive boundary layers of the colony-forming plankton alga Phaeocystis sp - implications for nutrient uptake and cellular growth, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 1959-1967. 

Table 8.30 shows the chemistry of seawater compiled by Turekian (1969) for major, minor, and trace constituents, expressed in parts per billion (ppb) at a mean salinity of 35. The listed values are estimates of mean amounts in solution, whereas elemental concentrations actually vary with depth. The most conspicuous variations are observed in the first 200 m from the surface, where photosynthetic processes are dominant and phosphorus and nitrogen are fixed by plankton and benthos, as well as silica and calcium, which constitute, respectively, the skeletons of planktonic algae (diatom) and the shells of foraminifera and mollusks. 

Steemann Nielsen, E. The uptake of free CO2 and HCO3 during photosynthesis of plankton algae with special reference to the coccolithophorid Coccolithus huxleyi. Physiol. 

In recent years, the unicellular nature of planktonic algae has been exploited for the construction of whole-cell based biosensors capable of real-time response on critical change of the aquatic ecosystems caused by pollutant emissions. Most of the proposed devices are based on the electrochemical detection of the inhibiting effect on the photosynthetic activity of algae and cyanobacteria exerted by some toxicants. 

Nonbanded coal consistently fine-granular coal essentially devoid of megascopic layers may be interbedded with common banded coal or form a discrete layer at the top or bottom of the seam, or may compose the entire seam formed from natural accumulations of finely comminuted plant detritus and commonly includes a significant amount and variety of remains of pollen grains, spores, planktonic algae, wax and resin granules, as well as other fragments of plants. 

It is important to consider both the ecological and statistical contexts of an effect when evaluating intensity. For example, a statistically significant 1% decrease in fish growth may not be relevant to an assessment end point of fish population viability, and a 10% decline in reproduction may be worse for a population of slowly reproducing marine mammals than for rapidly reproducing planktonic algae. 

Nalewajko, C. 1966. Photosynthesis and excretion in various planktonic algae. Limnology and Oceanography 11 1—10. 

Kallqvist, T. and R. Romstad (1994). Effects of agricultural pesticides on planktonic algae and cyanobacteria Examples of interspecies... 

Production of H S appears to occur in anoxic sediments, with the majority of the emission relating to the effects of tidal coverage on either the flushing of porewater or the depth of coverage. Production of DMS appears to be related to the metabolism of either macrophytes or planktonic algae. Emissions of DMS are related to the diel nature of the production processes in the former case. 

Tilman, D. (1977) Resource competition between plankton algae an experimental and theoretical approach. Ecology 58, 338-348. 

In the Sea of Azov and Taganrog Bay, based on multiyear studies of phytoplankton, 605 species, varieties, and forms of purely or optional planktonic algae were discovered. With respect to the species number, diatoms and green... 

Samples dried in an oven can be used for the determination of most elements except for mercury which is extremely volatile. Therefore, it is most important to know whether any loss of mercury occurs during the drying or lyophilization process. Pillay et al. [99] reported considerable losses of mercury from plankton/algae during low-temperature oven drying... 

Additionally, plankton algae display considerable variations in terms of stoichiometric ecology (concerning C/N- and N/P-ratios at least), unlike most other... 

Nagao, F., andMiyazaki, T. (1999). A modified N tracer method and new calculation for estimating release of dissolved organic nitrogen by freshwater planktonic algae. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 16,... 

Turpentine is also toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Coating action of resins can destroy water birds, plankton, algae, and fishes. Penaeid shrimp given abdominal injections were highly sensitive to turpentine. Turpentine-induced cellular inflammatory response was fibrous scar tissue in all tissues. Early gill and hepatopancreas tissue destruction, and extensive heart and abdominal tissue destruction was also observed. 

R. Rdttgers (1999). A physiological study on photoacclimation of marine planktonic algae to different ultraviolet-B irradiances. (Ph. D. Thesis 95 pp.). Universitat Bremen, Germany. 

The accumulation of xenobiotics into planktonic algae or plants (Section 3.1.3) may introduce the compound into higher organisms in the food chain such as fish, while the detrital material may eventually enter the sediment phase and be dispersed by any of the mechanisms noted in Section 3.5.1. 

Throughout the Archaean, prokaryotes, in the form of photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria, were the main producers of organic carbon. The resting stages (cysts) of early unicellular eukaryotic organisms, probably representing planktonic algae and referred to as acritarchs, first appeared in the fossil record at c. 1.85 Ga and became abundant from c.l.OGa. 

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