Resting stage

An oft-quoted preadaptation of free-living nematodes to parasitism is the existence of a dauer or resting stage (Riddle et dL, 1981 Riddle, 1988 ... 

A two phase process, in which the feedstock (e.g., petroleum) was mixed with water and an organic solvent to improve denitrogenation of aromatic nitrogen compounds [102], led to an improvement of the process. Additionally, a surfactant was used to increase the interfacial area. Carbazole and quinoline and their alkyl derivatives were used as primary compounds for demonstration. The biocatalyst is used in resting stage and is continuously fed to the system to keep the reaction rate at an acceptable level. It was observed that quinoline was hardly removed under the conditions at which carbazole was decomposed and assimilated. 

Persson, A., The use of sediment slurry culture to search for organisms producing resting stages, in Hallegraeff, G.M., IOC of UNESCO, Paris, 2003. 

Resting Stage A dormant or quiescent period in the life cycle. 

Phases in the life cycle of a typical eukaryotic cell. The cell cycle is divided into the resting stage (Go), the prereplication stage (G,), the synthesis or replication stage (S), the postreplication stage (G2), and the mitotic stage (M). 

Many of the enzymes participating in de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, as well as those responsible for interconversion of deoxyribonucleotides, increase in activity when cells prepare for DNA synthesis. The need for increased DNA synthesis occurs under three circumstances (1) when the cell proceeds from the G0, or resting, stage of the cell cycle to the S, or synthetic or replication, stage (fig. 23.26) (2) when it performs repair after extensive DNA damage and (3) after infection of quiescent cells with virus. When cells leave G0, for example, enzymes such as thymidylate synthase and ribonucleotide reductase, increase as well as the corresponding mRNAs. These increases in enzyme amount supplement allosteric controls that increase the activity of each enzyme molecule. Corresponding decreases in amounts of these enzymes and their mRNAs occur when DNA synthesis is completed. 

FBS FGF FITC GO-phase G1-phase G2-phase GMP, GDP, GTP foetal bovine serum fibroblast growth factor fluoroscein isothiocyanate the resting stage of the cell cycle the first gap in the cell cycle (between M and S) the second gap in the cell cycle (between S and M) guanosine monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate... 

Depolarization Repolarization Resting Stage Active Stage Resting Stage... 

Incubation volume = 100 xl except "a" which was 25 pi Heads from resting stage females and males were extracted in Aedes saline on ice, centrifuged at 8,0l g for 5 minutes and the supernatant used in incubations. Concentration of head equivalent/pl was 0.2. Average ecdysteroid produced is expressed as the mean of 4 determinations SEM. 

The pupa is a resting stage during which the larva changes into an adult with legs, wings, antennae, and functional reproductive organs. 

When we examine a cell in its resting stage we find the nucleus more or less spherical in shape, surrounded by a nuclear membrane and containing a nuclear network, nuclear sap and one or more nucleoli. The nuclear network consists of a colorless network of linin adhering to which are numerous minute granules called chromatin which take the stain of a basic dye. Surrounding the nucleus is the cytoplasm. 

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