Planar scintigraphy

Dynamic imaging immediately after the injection Static imaging 30-60 min after subcutaneous injection Sequential planar scintigraphy 5-10 min postinjection and 1-6 h postinjection (late images)... 

Time of Examination. Planar scintigraphy should be performed anytime between 1 and 8 h after injection of " Tc-LeukoScan. 

Fig. 7.1. High iodinated contrast uptake in liver tumours can be seen during angiography in those lesions with hypervascularization (a). In the same patient, hepatic nodules can be identified in the planar scintigraphy after MAA infusion as areas of focal uptake ( hot nodules ) spread in both lobes. The rest of the liver (non-tumoral) presents faint uptake of the...

Flg. 7.2a-c. Planar scintigraphy. A patient with large hepatocardnoma nodules and MAA pattern of mild diffuse uptake, with some cold areas, and no high uptake areas that could be clearly identified as tumoral (a). MR images of the tumoral nodules with a necrotic centre (b). Fused images (MRI-MAA scintigraphy) show a perfect correlation between the radiotracer uptake and the areas of tumoral activity in the tumours (c)... 

However, it is important to note that the fused images can be employed for another important purpose, the detection of the extrahepatic location of MAA and, thus, the detection of potentially dangerous misplacement of the radiospheres. The detection of non-desired activity in organs adjacent to the liver (as explained above) is more likely to be done in the transaxial fused images than in the planar scintigraphy. In our experience, we have found MAA misplacement in gallbladder, gastric walls, small bowel, mesentery and in vascular stumps of the embolized arteries (Fig. 7.6). 

Fig. 7.6a-c. Planar scintigraphy shows a focal high uptake area that could be interpreted as tumoral (a). Fusion images demonstrate that the uptake is placed outside the liver, in a vascular structure (b). A retrospective review of the angiographic images shows contrast accumulation, thus also MAA accumulation in a vascular stump located between the catheter and the coils (c)... 

Fig.7.7a,b. Tumoral nodules with a good correlation between MAA distribution and lesion location, but the 3D images reveal moderate uptake in the gastric walls, not visible in the planar scintigraphy due to organ superposition, thus contraindicating radiospheres treatment (a). Transaxial slices with diffuse uptake in the gallbladder (b)... 

E. Even-Sapir, U. Metser, E. Mishani, G. Lievshitz, H. Lerman, I. Leibovitch, The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer 99mTc-MDP planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, F-fluoride PET, and F-fluoride PET/CT, J. Nucl. Med. 47(2) (2006) 287-297. 

The term scintigraphy, or scanning, describes the production of a planar, two-dimensional image showing the distribution of radioactivity in an organ in which a radioactive substance has been stored. Depending on the radionuclide used, information regarding the hepatic area is obtained on 1.) functional capacity of the RES, (2.) hepatocellular function, (J.) biliary excretion kinetics, and 4.) hepatic blood flow. (4,8, ll, 12,19,21,27,36,37)... 

Phipps, P.R. Gonda, I. Bailey, D.L. Borham, P. Bautovich, G. Anderson, S.D. Comparisons of planar and tomographic gamma scintigraphy to measure the penetration index of inhaled aerosols. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1989, 139, 1516-1523. 

Reinartz P, Schirp U, Zimny M, Sabri O, Nowak B, Schafer W, et al. Optimizing ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy parting with planar imaging. Nuklear-medizin 2001 40(2) 38-43. 

Rest and stress scintigraphy 1-1.5 h after the intravenous injection Breast imaging Planar imaging is begun 5-10 min postinjection... 

MAA scintigraphy is the main tool to ensure the safety of the microsphere treatment prior to therapy, but also - taking potential limitations into consideration - predicts the distribution of the therapeutic microspheres. Whenever possible, SPECT should be performed in addition to planar images. 

Eustace S, Tello R, DeCarvalho V, Carey J, Wroblicka JT, Melhem ER, Yucel EK (1997) A comparison of whole-body turboSTIR MR imaging and planar " Tc-methy-lene diphosphonate scintigraphy in the examination of patients with suspected skeletal metastases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 169 1655-1661... 

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