Resin pistacia

In archaeological findings the occurrence of a high abundance of 28-norolean-17-en-3-one has been correlated to smouldering or burning processes undergone by Pistacia resins [94,123,124]. Mastic also contains a polymeric fraction (15 20%) identified as cw-1,4-poly-p-myrcene [128]. 

B. Stem, C. Heron, L. Corr, M. Serpico and J. Bourriau, Compositional variations in aged and heated pistacia resin found in late Bronze Age Canaanite amphorae and howls from Amama, Egypt, Archaeometry, 45, 457 469 (2003). 

Stern, B., Heron, C., Corr, L., Serpico, M. and Bourriau, J. (2003). Compositional variation in aged and heated pistacia resin found in Late Bronze Age Canaanite amphorae and bowls from Amarna, Egypt. Archaeometry 45 457 169. 

Figure 7.10 Some triterpenoid compounds found in mastic (Pistacia resin) (a) moronic acid, (b) oleanonic acid, (c) zsomasticadienonic acid, (d) masticadienonic acid.

Some triterpenoid compounds found in mastic (Pistacia resin) 156... 

Compositional variations in aged and heated Pistacia resin found in late Bronze Age Canaanite amphorae and bowls fromAmama, Egypt. Archacoweery, 45,457-469. 

Mastic. Mastic is the resin obtained from the small mastic tree Pistacia lentis-cus, of the sumac family, found chiefly in Mediterranean countries. When the bark of the tree is injured, the resin exudes as drops. Mastic is transparent and pale yellow to green in color. The main ancient uses of mastic were as an adhesive, for making varnish, as a medicine, and for flavoring. 

R. Caputo, L. Mangoni, P. Monaco, G. Palumbo, Y. Aynehchi, M. Bagheri, Triterpenes from the bled resin of Pistacia vera, Phytochemistry, 17, 815 817 (1978). 

K.J. van der Berg, J. ven der Horst, J.J. Boon, 0.0. Sudmeijer, Cis 1,4 poly P myrcene the structure of the polymeric fraction of mastic resin (Pistacia lentiscus) elucidated, Tetrahedron... 

A number of important resins are composed of triterpenoids, including the dammar resins which derive from a sub-family of the family Dipterocarpaceae. Dammar resins are fluid, balsamic oleoresins highly suited for caulking and waterproofing. Frankincense (olibanum) is known as a gum-resin collected from various Boswellia spp. and contains amyrin epimers and triterpenoid acids. The gum component is polysaccharide in origin and is water soluble. The Anacardiaceae family contains the genus Pistacia (Mills and White, 1977 21 Mills and White, 1989). 

Pistacia lentiscus L. Ru Xiang (resin) Masticinic acid, masticonic acid, masticoresene, fisetin, fustin, gallic acid, quercetin, taxifolin.49-50 Antitumor, antitussive, analgesic, sedative in gastralgia, cardiodynia, mastitis, peptic ulcer. 

Mastiche N.F. Unofficial Concrete resinous exudate Pistacia Lentiscus Grecian Archipelago... 

Mastic. Balsam tree pistachia galls mastiche mastix lentisk Mastisol. Concrete resinous exudation from Pistacia lentiscus L., Anacardiaceae. Habit Mediterranean Islands, especially Chios. Cwtso f. Volatile oil (about 2%) mastieinic, mast iconic acids masticoresene. 

Resin-like exudate (wound secretion) from pistachio trees (Pistacia lentiscus, Anacardiaceae) indigenous in the Mediterranean region soluble in diethyl ether, partly soluble in ethanol and turpentine oil mp. 105-120°C. The resin fraction contains triterpene acids such as masticadienonic acid (C30H46O3, Mr... 

Bredt s rule, first announced in 1924, was based on the examination of a large amount of chemistry explored, as noted earlier (Chapter 6, Section C) as a consequence of isolation of numbers of naturally occurring CIO compounds called terpenes (discussed more fully in Chapter 11) because of the derivation of some of them from the resinous exudate of the terebinth tree, Pistacia terebinthus. Some of these bicyclic compounds are shown (see Bredt, J. Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1924,457,1). 

Monoterpenoids with Cio skeleton is not the most diverse group of terpenoids, but they can be considered to be the most important because of their abundance and frequent appearance in nature. Most common monoterpenes e.g., a-pinene can be detected from nearly every green plant since chloroplasts produce monoterpenes, even by those species which do not synthesize isoprene. Plastids of other cells such as epithelial cells of resin duct in conifers produce a-pinene and other monoterpenoids in storage structures. Resin of conifers is a mixture of monoterpenes and diterpenes. The word terpene is derived from the word turpentine, which is mostly an essential oil containing a-pinene distilled from tree resins, originally from turpentine tree Pistacia terebinthus. 

Mastic and sandarac, which are soluble in alcohol, were formerly used as varnishes, particularly in the Middle Ages, for the protection of oil and watercolor paintings or for coating metals. Sandarac is the resinous exudate of Tetraclinis ar-ticulata (Cupressaceae) and mastic is obtained from Pistacia lentiscus var. chia (Pistaciaceae). Mastic is still collected on the island of Chios in the Aegean it was once the monopoly of Greek emperors. Its use to sweeten the breath and for dental purposes was first recorded in 400 B.C. (19). 

Resins are the products of various shrubs and trees, especially conifers. In addition to essential oils, resins contain resin acids, such as tricyclic diterpene abietic acid, resin alcohols (resinols), resin esters and other substances. Particularly weU known is Chios mastic gum. Real mastic is only produced in the south part of Chios Island, and comes from the mastic tree Pistacia lentiscus var. chia, Anacardiaceae). It is used to flavour alcohoHc beverages (especially Hqueurs and ouzo), wine, baked goods, chewing gum and some cosmetic products. The essential oil with a balsam-Hke odour has antiseptic properties as it contains a- and fS-pinene as essential ingredients. 

The resin from Pistacia lentiscm, the mastic tree, aii inhabitant of Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Levant, which is known as mastic, consists of a mixture of resins and resinoids, with about 1 to 3 per cent, of volatile oil. This oil, which has a characteristic, pleasant odour, has the following characters —... 

This oil is the product of distillation with water, of Chian turpentine, the resin of Pistacia terebinthus, an inhabitant of Syria and the Greek archipelago. The yield is about 15 per cent, of an oil of the following characters —... 

Mastic mas-tik n [ME mastiky fr. L mastichey fr. Gk mastichey prob. back-formation fr. mastichan] (14c) (1) A solid resinous material obtained from the mastic tree Pistacia lentiscus) and used in adhesives and lacquers. (2) Asphalt masticy a composition of mineral matter with resin and solvent. (3) Any pasty material used as a waterproof coating or as cement for setting tile. 

GUM MASTIC is a yellowish or greenish transparent resin obtained by incision of a type of balsam tree, Pistacia lentiscus, grown in the Mediterranean region. It is soluble in ether or acetone, almost entirely soluble in alcohol, and partly in oil of turpentine. About 2% of volatile oil is present. It is sold in cases for use in medicine, dental cements, plasters, varnishes, lacquers, adhesives, chewing gum, and incense. 

Mastic is harvested from Pistacia lentiscus in the Greek island of Chios. It is a soft (55 °C) resin, which has been used for hundreds of years in the Mediterranean area as a chewing gum to give a fresh breath. Solutions in alcohol or aromatic hydrocarbons are used in wood - coatings, printing - inks and - adhesives (theater make-up). 

---