Nitrogen-containing resins

A significant portion of the sulfur- and nitrogen-containing species in crude oil can be found in heterocyclic form within the asphaltene, maltene, and resin compounds. Oxygen-containing heterocycles may also be present. Examples of high-molecular-weight aromatic, resinous, and polar compounds found in crude oil are provided in TABLE 3-1. 

The release of semivolatile compounds from a variety of nitrogen containing polymers, including ABS, PA 6 PU and melamine/urea formaldehyde resins can be found in the literature (52). The temperature of treatment runs from 70°C to 300°C, i.e., low temperature pyrolysis, if pyrolysis at all. 

The 4500 MicroKans containing resin bound amines 8 were placed into a 12-liter three-necked round-bottom flask fitted with an overhead stirrer. Dimethylformamide (4.5 liters) was added to swell the resin in the MicroKans. l-Alloc-4-fmoc-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid scaffold 6 (78.6 g, 180.0 mmol) was dissolved into DMF (500 ml) and added to the MicroKans. HBTU (68.3 g, 180.0 mmol) and DIEA (62.7 ml, 360.0 mmol) were then added sequentially. The reaction was stirred at RT for 6.5 h. The solution was drained and the MicroKans were washed with DMF, DCM, and Et20. The MicroKans were dried overnight with a stream of nitrogen gas. 

Ammonia is used for the manufacture of fertilizers or for the manufacture of other nitrogen-containing compounds used for fertilizer or, to a lesser extent, explosives, plastics, and fibers. Explosives made from ammonia are ammonium nitrate and (via nitric acid) the nitroglycerin used in dynamite. Plastics include (via urea) urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins. Some ammonia ends up in fibers, since it is used to make hexameth-ylenediamine (HMDA), adipic acid, or caprolactam, all nylon precursors. 

The limitations of oxoammonium resins in the oxidation of nitrogen-containing moieties prompted investigation of polymer-supported periodinanes as poten-... 

Flame-retardant epoxy resins with different silicon contents were prepared using silicon-containing epoxides or silicon-containing prepolymers. The thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of the produced epoxide systems were evaluated and related to the silicon content. The char yields under nitrogen and air atmospheres increased with increase in silicon content. The authors pointed out that the silicon-containing resin has improved flame retardancy over the silicon-free resin as evidenced by the LOI. LOI values increased from 24 for a standard commercial resin to 36 for silicon-containing resins.35... 

The addition of the nitrogen-containing crosslinking agents, melamine, urea, and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, resulted in a substantial increase in strength (Table III, entries 7-12). The best results were obtained by the melamine-crosslinked adhesives. The addition of 33% melamine resulted in an adhesive with strength values well within exterior-grade adhesive specifications. 

Gibbons, J. P. Wondolowski, L. Carbohydrate-Phenol Based Condensation Resins Incorporating Nitrogen-Containing Compounds Canadian Patent 1 090 026, 1980. 

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