Reactors piping arrangements

FIGURE 2.2 Typical arrangement of feed pipe to reactor vessel and location of inlet boundaries. 

In the pipe-cross reactor, as in the T-reactor, ammonia enters tile pipe along the horizontal axis and phosphoric acid enters at right angles. There is, however, an additional inlet directly opposite the phosphoric acid inlet, through which another feed can be added at a right angle to the ammonia stream. This arrangement was developed to allow sulfuric acid to be added to the lEactim mixture. 

The reactor visualized by the Columbia group was one in which an extremely dense suspension of uranium in D2O would be pumped through a large number of pipes arranged inside a heavy-water moderator. It was planned that both the slurry and the moderator would be circulated through heat exchangers for cooling [6]. 

II-2. Not all redundant components and piping arrangements are shown, Also, the diagrams are only typical of reactor systems of certain sizes (and powers) and may differ for other reactor systems. For the RCSs, for instance, only one of the multiple loops is shown. 

While the NRPCT evaluated reactor plant concepts for gas cooled reactors, liquid metal cooled reactors, and heat pipe cooled reactors for the reactor concept selection in eariy 2005 (Reference 3-1), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST) developed a preliminary spaceship arrangement, called the Prometheus Baseline 1 (PB1). The PB1 reactor plant concept was a liquid metal reactor with four parallel Brayton energy conversion loops. Redundant Brayton loops were assumed for several reasons ... 

The four Brayton system makes at most 182 kWe of the required 185 kWe with the assumed piping arrangement and system parameters, increasing the mass flow rate typically increases the power output but, in this case, the accompanying increase in piping pressure drop dominates and less power is produced as the mass flow rate increases above an optimal flow rate. The reactor thermal rating for this case is 1002 kWt with a reactor inlet temperature of 911 K. The converter is 19.9% efficient and the system efficiency is 18.2%. The required radiator area, with 14.5% margin, is 621 m to reject 767 kWt... 

The product withdrawal pipe is located in the annulus halfway up the draft tube where the vector of the circulation velocity of the suspension and that of the withdrawal velocity of the product point in the same direction. Using this arrangement ensures low particle classification effects. Furthermore, the feed tubes and withdrawal tube can be exactly positioned in the reactor and scaled... 

Some important factors regarding a safe plant can be better understood if the reader is familiar with such process equipment as reactors (Section 5.2), mass transfer units (Section 5.3), heat exchanges (Section 5.4), ancillary equipment (Section 5.5), environmental equipment (Section 5.6), and utilities (Section 5.7). Protective equipment is reviewed in Section 5.8. Process diagrams, which illustrate the various possible arrangements of plant equipment, valves, piping, and control systems, are presented in Section 5.9. Plant siting and layout are discussed in Section 5.10 - this last section illustrates the factors that can contribute to proper plant operation. 

Figure 3.15a. An arrangement similar to a conventional water-tube boiler. Steam is generated in cooling pipes within the reactor and separated in a steam drum. 

Consider the reaction used as the basis for Illustrations 10.1 to 10.3. Determine the volume required to produce 2 million lb of B annually in a plug flow reactor operating under the conditions described below. The reactor is to be operated 7000 hr annually with 97% conversion of the A fed to the reactor. The feed enters at 163 C. The internal pipe diameter is 4 in. and the piping is arranged so that the effective reactor volume can be immersed in a heat sink maintained at a constant temperature of 160 °C. The overall heat transfer coefficient based on the... 

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