Pipelines regulation

CGA E-4, Standard for Gas Regulators, covers both cylinder inlet connections, which must conform with ANSI/CGA V-1, and pipeline regulator inlet connections, which must comply with the requirements of CGA E-3, Pipeline Regulator Inlet Connection Standards [9, 1, 10]. 

CGA E-3, Pipeline Regulator Inlet Connection Standards, ed.. Compressed Gas Association, Inc.,... 

E-2 Pipeline Regulator Inlet Connection Standards. Describes the inlet connections to be used on removable pipeline regulators used in welding, cutting, and related process industries and where the pipeline pressure does not exceed 200 psig (2 pages). 

Acrylonitrile is transported by rail car, barge, and pipeline. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations require labeling acrylonitrile as a flammable Hquid and poison. Transport is regulated under DOT 49 CFR 172.101. Bill of lading description is Acrylonitrile, Flammable Liquid, Poison B, UN 1093 RQ. ... 

Code of Federal Kegulations Tide 49, Transportation, Parts 100 to 199 Superintendent of Documents GPO Washington, D.C. 20402 Safety regulations related to transportation of ha2ardous materials and pipeline safety. 

Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline," Code of Federal Regulations, Ha2ardous Materials Regulations Board, U.S. Dept, of Transportation, Minimum Federal Safety Standards, U.S. Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Tide 49, Chapt. 1, Part 192. 

Filtration and water-knockout systems are used to clean up the gas before it enters a compressor. Cooling systems are sometimes required to maintain compressor discharge temperatures below 54°C to avoid damage to the pipeline s protective coatings. Automated compressor stations are typically staffed by maintenance and repair personnel eight hours per day, five days per week. Other stations are staffed on a 24-hour basis because personnel must start, stop, and regulate compressors in response to orders from the dispatch office. 

Before the creation of the U.S. DOT in 1967, the now defunct ICC was authorized to prescribe rules and regulations for rad, tmck, and pipeline safety. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was responsible for air safety, and the U.S. Coast Guard for safety on the inland and coastal waterways. Upon estabHshment of DOT in 1967, the FAA and Coast Guard were transferred to the DOT, which assumed the safety functions the ICC formerly adrninistered. 

Petroleum pipe hues before 1969 were built to ASA (now ANSI) Standard B31.4 for liquids and Standard B31.8 for gas. These standards were seldom mandatoiy because few states adopted them. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), which now has responsi-bihty for pipe-line regulation, issued Title 49, Part 192—Transportation of Natural Gas and Other Gas by Pipeline Minimum Safety Standards, and Part 195—Transportation of Liquids by Pipehne. These contain considerable material from B31.4 and B31.8. They allow generally higher stresses than the ASME Pressure Vessel Code would allow for steels of comparable strength. The enforcement of their regulations is presently left to the states and is therefore somewhat uncertain. 

Identify hazardous or regulated raw materials, intermediates, products and wastes that fall under OSHA, resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA), Department of Transportation (DOT) pipeline safety regulations or other impacting regulations. 

The Berlin City electrical engineer M. Kallmann reported in 1899 on a system for controlling stray currents of electric railways [64]. As early as 1894, the Board of Trade in London issued a safety regulation for the British electric railways which specified a potential differential of not more than 1.5 V where the pipeline was positive to the rails, but 4.5 V with the rails positive. Extensive research was undertaken on reducing the risk of stray current in the soil by metallic connections from pipes to rails. However, as one writer noted, a procedure on these lines should definitely be discouraged as it carries the seed of its own destruction [64]. 

Buried steel pipelines for the transport of gases (at pressures >4 bars) and of crude oil, brine and chemical products must be cathodically protected against corrosion according to technical regulations [1-4], The cathodic protection process is also used to improve the operational safety and economics of gas distribution networks and in long-distance steel pipelines for water and heat distribution. Special measures are necessary in the region of insulated connections in pipelines that transport electrolytically conducting media. 

The protection potentials for seawater are described in Section 2.4. In pipelines and harbor installations, there is no limiting negative potential t/ for uncoated earbon steel or for steel provided with thiek eoatings over 1 mm, with yield points up to 800 N mm". With dynamieally highly loaded structures, the protection potential ranges in Table 16-2 should be adhered to as in the regulations [1-3] because of the risk of hydrogen-induced stress corrosion (see Section 2.3.4). 

Operation of the unit has proven to be successful. The generator is started and stopped by the dispatcher in the control center. It is also designed to automatically shut down if the electrical output drops below a predetermined level. Due to the widely varying conditions in the pipeline, there are times when the generator is started and stopped once or twice a day. At other times, it runs continuously for two or more weeks. There has been no impact on the operation of the existing regulator station resulting from the operation of the expander. The transfer of flow as the expander starts and stops has not caused any pressure excursions downstream of the station. 

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