Ulmus rubra

N.A. Ulmus rubra Muhl. U. procera L. Tannins, mucilage, cholesterol, campesterol, beta-sitosterol, pentoses."100 Astringent, demulcent, antiinflammatory. 

S. lateriflora, Smilax aristolochiifolia, S. china, Ulmus rubra, U. procera, Urtica urens Biota orientalis... 

T. pulegiodes, T. serpyllum, Tilia cordata, T. europaea, Tribulus terrestsi, Trifolium pratense, Tussilago farfara, Ulmus rubra, U. procera, Vaccinium myrtilloides, V. myrtillus, V. oreophilum, Verbena officinalis, Veronica officinalis, Viburnum opulus, V. prunifolium, Viola tricolor, Vitis vinifera, Zanthoxylum americanum, Zea mays... 

Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra or U. fulva, family Ulmaceae)... 

C30H50O M 426.724 (3fi,da,5a,24Z)-form [474-40-8] aj-Sitosterol. Citrostadienol Constit. of Ulmus rubra. Solarium tuberum, Betula verucosa and Populus spp. Found in grapefruit and orange essential oils. Cryst. (Et20/EtOH). Mp 162-164 . [ ]d +24 (c, 1 in CHCI3). 

Ulmus species (Ulmaceae) (99, 100) may also be mentioned in this context. Some of these naphthalene derivatives cause staining of painted surfaces on the wood of slippery elm Ulmus rubra) (99). Related pigments of wood is mansonones -e.g. mansonone F (44) - that have been isolated from Mansonia altissima Chev. (Sterculiaceae) (81). The wood of this species is used for furnitures. Several allergic symptoms and heart troubles have been reported for workers handling this wood (81). 

While sapwood contains very little sterol in the ester form (traces to 0.15 moles/g, dry weight basis), the amount rises strongly to about 1.1 moles/g in the inner heartwood (37, 38). Holl and Pieczonka (38) found the acid component of the esters in both cases was comprised of a number of fatty acids. In terms of the usual nomenclature (chain length number of double bonds), the fatty acid composition of the steryl esters in spruce heartwood was found to be 12 0 (10%), 14 0(12%), 16 0(20%), 16 1 (12%), 18 0(14%), 18 1 (16%), 18 2(5%), and unidentified (11%). The composition varied only slightly from this in sapwood. In both sapwood and heartwood of the spruce, the ester was a minor form of the total sterol. The ester to free sterol ratio was about 1 2 in the inner heartwood (37). Sitosterol and other sterols have also been found to exist partly in the ester form in the heartwood of angiosperms - e.g., the slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) (24). Similarly, the sterols in the bark of the western white pine (Pinus monticola) are partly (60%) esterified (13). In both heartwood and bark the steryl composition of the ester fraction approximately reflected the composition of the free sterol fraction in that sitosterol was the major component followed by its 24-methyl analogs (13, 37). A similar situation has been observed with non-woody angiosperms - e.g., Zea mays (71). 

Hydroxycalamenal " is a sesquiterpenoid with a cadinene skeleton, isolated for the first time by extraction from the heartwood of dilferent types of elm Ulmus rubra and Uimus glabra)In 2005, Benincori Sannicolo, and co-workers proposed process-scale stereoselective synthesis of nature-identical ( )-(5, S)-7-hydroxycalamenal 222 via enantioselective hydrogenation reaction of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid 218 (Scheme 29.27). The homogeneous hydrogenation reaction... 

Quercus nigra L./Water oak Quercus prinus L./Chestnut oak Quercus rubra L./Northern red oak Quercus stellata Wangenh./Post oak Quercus velutina Lam./Black oak Quercus virginiana Mill./Live oak Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees/Sassafras Ulmus americana L./American elm ... 

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